The role of N6-methyladenosine modified RNA in Alzheimer's disease

N6-甲基腺苷修饰的RNA在阿尔茨海默病中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10591151
负责人：
Benjamin L Wolozin
金额：
$ 80.65万
依托单位：
BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-12-15 至 2027-11-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10591151
关键词：
Acceleration Adaptor Signaling Protein Adenosine Affect Aging Alzheimer&apos s Disease Alzheimer&apos s disease model Alzheimer&apos s disease pathology Alzheimer&apos s disease related dementia Alzheimer&apos s disease risk Amyloid Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Area Biological Markers Biology Cellular biology Code Complex Data Disease Disease Progression Elements Exhibits Functional disorder Genetic Polymorphism Human Image Inflammation Label Laboratories Link Measures Mediating Methylation Methyltransferase Modeling Modification Molecular Mus Mutation Nerve Degeneration Neurodegenerative Disorders Oncology Pathologic Pathology Pathway interactions Patients Proteins Proteome RNA RNA Degradation RNA Splicing RNA metabolism RNA methylation RNA-Binding Proteins Reader Research Risk Factors Role Severity of illness Site Stress Synapses Tauopathies Transcript Untranslated RNA Vascular Diseases abeta accumulation biological adaptation to stress epitranscriptomics frontotemporal lobar dementia amyotrophic lateral sclerosis gene therapy genotoxicity induced pluripotent stem cell innovation lens member mouse model neuropathology novel diagnostics novel therapeutic intervention novel therapeutics response risk variant stress granule tau Proteins tau aggregation tau function therapeutic target tool transcriptome transcriptome sequencing transcriptomics

项目摘要

The accumulation of oligomeric tau (oTau) is known to drive the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related disorders. We recently discovered that oTau functions as part of the translational stress response, forming a complex with methylated RNA (N6-methyl adenosine, m6A) through adapter proteins, such as HNRNPA2B1, which is itself a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. m6A is known to regulate RNA degradation and utilization, and the m6A modification is “read” by adapter proteins. This complex accumulates in stress granules along with other RNA binding proteins (RBPs), many of which are also risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. We observe a strong increase of m6A in AD which highlights the importance of epi-transcriptomics in AD. The m6A pathway provides a powerful new path to elucidate mechanisms of neurodegeneration. The m6A axis also provides an innovative, putative therapeutic target for AD because our studies using an iPSC-based model of AD show that reducing m6A levels reduces tau pathology and delays disease progression, suggesting returning m6A to basal levels is beneficial. Multiple stresses (e.g., β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, AD risk genes, vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and aging) converge to drive the pathophysiology of AD. Analyzing stress responses through the lens of RNA metabolism and the translational stress response provides a vast tool of molecules for elucidating the stress response in AD. Some RBPs, such as TIA1, HRNPA2B1, and tau appear to be required for responses to synaptic stress, while other RBPs, such as FUS, appear to respond mostly to genotoxic damage. Many RBPs exhibit genetic changes that are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, which emphasizes their disease relevance. The m6A tag links RBPs with RNA metabolism. Sequencing m6A labeled transcripts provides an additional powerful approach to identify the particular m6A labeled RNA species that respond to stresses and disease. Transcripts showing particularly large disease-related changes in m6A could provide the basis for new disease biomarkers or represent potential targets for disease-modifying gene therapy. We hypothesize that increases in m6A occur early in the disease course in response to tau pathology, enhance the translational stress response and accelerate neurodegeneration. The studies below will determine which molecular and pathological changes correlate most closely with m6A levels, and which show the most dynamic response to m6A reduction. Aim 1 will determine how the m6A transcriptome over the disease course in mouse models of AD/ADRD, examining both coding and non-coding RNA. Aim 2 will determine how the m6A transcriptome varies by disease severity and type in human pathological cases. Aim 3 will determine how m6A contributes to the pathophysiology of tau and neurodegeneration in AD.

众所周知，寡聚 tau (oTau) 的积累会导致阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和相关疾病的病理生理学，我们最近发现 oTau 是翻译应激反应的一部分，与甲基化 RNA（N6-甲基腺苷，N6-甲基腺苷）形成复合物。 m6A）通过接头蛋白（例如 HNRNPA2B1），已知 HNRNPA2B1 本身是肌萎缩侧索硬化症的危险因素，可调节 RNA 降解和利用，以及m6A 修饰被接头蛋白“读取”。这种复合物与其他 RNA 结合蛋白 (RBP) 一起积聚在应激颗粒中，其中许多也是神经退行性疾病的危险因素，我们观察到 AD 中 m6A 的强烈增加。表观转录组学在 AD 中的重要性 m6A 通路为阐明神经变性机制提供了一条强大的新途径，因为我们的研究使用基于 iPSC 的研究，因此 m6A 轴也为 AD 提供了一个创新的、假定的治疗靶点。 AD 模型表明，降低 m6A 水平可减少 tau 病理并延缓疾病进展，这表明将 m6A 恢复至基础水平是有益的（例如，β-淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ) 聚集、AD 风险基因、血管功能障碍、炎症和衰老）。通过 RNA 代谢和翻译应激反应来分析应激反应，为阐明 AD 中的应激反应提供了一个巨大的分子工具， TIA1、HRNPA2B1 和 tau 等似乎是对突触应激作出反应所必需的，而其他 RBP（如 FUS）似乎主要对基因毒性损伤作出反应。许多 RBP 表现出与神经退行性疾病相关的基因变化，这强调了它们的疾病。 m6A 标签将 RBP 与 RNA 代谢联系起来，为识别对应激和疾病做出反应的特定 m6A 标记 RNA 种类提供了另一种有效的方法。显示 m6A 中特别大的疾病相关变化的转录本可以为新的疾病生物标志物提供基础，或者代表疾病修饰基因治疗的潜在靶标。我们重新认识到，m6A 的增加发生在病程早期，以响应 tau 病理学，增强翻译。以下研究将确定哪些分子和病理变化与 m6A 水平最密切相关，以及哪些对 m6A 减少的动态反应将决定 m6A 转录组对疾病的影响。在 AD/ADRD 小鼠模型中，研究编码和非编码 RNA，目标 2 将确定 m6A 转录组如何随人类病理病例中疾病严重程度和类型的变化而变化，目标 3 将确定 m6A 对 tau 和 tau 的病理生理学有何影响。 AD 中的神经变性。