Children's Exposure to Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution within the SHEAR Project in Rwanda

卢旺达 SHEAR 项目中儿童接触室内和室外空气污染的情况

基本信息

批准号：
10615232
负责人：
Egide Kalisa
金额：
$ 7.63万
依托单位：
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-15 至 2024-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10615232
关键词：
Address Adoption Adverse effects Affect Africa Africa South of the Sahara African Air Air Pollutants Air Pollution Animals Asthma Authorization documentation Authorship Behavioral Biomass Breathing Carbon Characteristics Chemicals Child Child Health Colorado Communities Complex Data Data Analyses Data Collection Data Science Developing Countries Development Development Plans Dust Educational workshop Elements Eligibility Determination Engineering Environmental Health Epidemiology Evolution Exposure to Fire - disasters Funding Gases Government Health Home Hospitalization Household Household Air Pollution Immune system Indoor Air Pollution Indoor Air Quality Intervention Ions Kerosene Knowledge Laws Lighting Literature Location Lung Maintenance Measurement Measures Mentors Mentorship Metals Modeling Monitor Multivariate Analysis Organ Outcome Paper Peer Review Penetration Performance Persons Petroleum Pharmaceutical Preparations Policies Pollution Population Populations at Risk Predisposition Property Protocols documentation Public Health Publications Publishing Questionnaires Reporting Research Respiratory Signs and Symptoms Risk Role Rural Rwanda Schools Science Seasons Source Structure Surveys System Testing Training Activity Transportation Universities Vehicle Emissions Vision Vulnerable Populations Wood material Work ambient air pollution arm authority biomass smoke burden of illness career development cooking cost density fine particles health communication indoor exposure indoor pollutant interest knowledge translation particle policy recommendation pollutant prevent professor pulmonary function research and development research study rural area sensor statistics treatment arm ventilation wasting

项目摘要

Abstract: More than four million people die each year from exposure to outdoor air pollution and nearly the same number perish from indoor exposure to dirty fuels. Despite the largest burden of disease being in developing countries, the vast majority of literature has focused on wealthy nations and there is a particular absence of high-quality authorship on sub-Saharan Africa. Children are highly susceptible to air pollution health impacts due to their high breathing rates, developing lung structures and immune systems; they are thus a population of particular interest when assessing the impacts of air pollution. This is not currently possible in sub-Saharan Africa region due to a lack of scientific understanding of the sources, causes and impacts of air pollution, inefficient data collection and analysis, weak air quality standards, and inadequate funding for air quality monitoring stations. Most studies on the health effects of air pollution on children have used exposure estimates from home locations; only a small number have tested the association between outdoor air pollution levels measured inside and outside of households and a range of children’s health outcomes, thus limiting the information on the extent to which indoor and outdoor air quality affect each other. I propose here a research and career development plan to study children’s exposure to air pollution in rural Rwanda and to address these knowledge gaps. The overall aims of the research is to develop a network of low-cost monitors for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in rural Rwanda (Aim 1) and In conjunction with exposure data collected from the SHEAR trial (described below), examine the extent to which both outdoor and indoor pollution sources contribute to children’s exposure to PM2.5 (Aim 2). This research, conducted over 3 years will synthesize current data and knowledge using field measurement, modelling, surveys and multivariate analysis. The proposed project aligns well with the Sustainable Household Energy Adoption in Rwanda (SHEAR) Project (led by my mentoring team), which I will leverage for this K43. I will create a monitoring network and evaluate indoor/outdoor relationships using eligible households within with SHEAR project. Simultaneous personal (children’s) and household level measurements of exposure to PM2.5 will take place over a 3-year period (reflecting repeated measures by season). Chemical speciation of collected PM2.5 will (organic and elemental carbon, metals, ions) will allow pollution exposures (at the community, household, personal level) to be apported to various indoor/outdoor sources (i.e., vehicle emissions, road dust, biomass smoke).This research study will result in the publication of three peer-reviewed papers and a policy focused- report to the Rwanda government. This work will enable me to work directly with Drs. John Volckens and Maggie Clark, Professors at Colorado State University (CSU) and Dr Theoneste Ntakirutimana, Professor at the University of Rwanda, recognized experts in air pollution, exposure science, epidemiology, public health. The trainings activities will include (1) Engineering / sensor development; (2) Data Science and statistics ;(3) Epidemiology and health effects; and (4) Health communication.

抽象的：每年有超过 400 万人因暴露在室外空气污染中而死亡，并且死亡人数几乎相同尽管疾病负担最大的是发展中国家，绝大多数文学作品都集中在富裕国家，尤其缺乏高质量的文学作品。撒哈拉以南非洲地区儿童极易受到空气污染健康影响。呼吸频率正在发育肺部结构和免疫系统；因此，他们是特别令人感兴趣的人群；在评估空气污染的影响时，这在撒哈拉以南非洲地区目前是不可能的，因为对空气污染的来源、原因和影响缺乏科学认识，数据收集效率低下分析、空气质量标准薄弱以及空气质量监测站资金不足。空气污染对儿童健康的影响仅使用了一小部分家庭所在地的暴露估计；许多人测试了室内和室外测量的室外空气污染水平之间的关联家庭和一系列儿童的健康结果，从而限制了有关室内健康程度的信息我在这里提出一个研究和职业发展计划来研究。卢旺达农村儿童接触空气污染的情况并解决这些知识差距的总体目标。该研究旨在开发一个低成本监测农村细颗粒物（PM2.5）空气污染的网络卢旺达（目标 1）并结合从 SHEAR 试验中收集的暴露数据（如下所述），检查室外和室内污染源对儿童接触 PM2.5 的影响程度（目标 2）这项为期 3 年的研究将利用该领域综合当前的数据和知识。所提出的项目与测量、建模、调查和多元分析非常吻合。卢旺达可持续家庭能源采用 (SHEAR) 项目（由我的指导团队领导），我将我将利用此 K43 创建一个监控网络并使用符合条件的室内/室外关系进行评估。同步进行个人（儿童）和家庭水平测量。 3 年期间暴露于 PM2.5 的情况（反映按季节重复测量的情况）。收集到的 PM2.5 的形态（有机和元素碳、金属、离子）将允许污染暴露（在社区、家庭、个人层面）分配给各种室内/室外源（即车辆排放、道路灰尘、生物质烟雾）。这项研究将出版三篇经过同行评审的论文向卢旺达政府提交的论文和政策重点报告这项工作将使我能够直接与卢旺达政府合作。科罗拉多州立大学 (CSU) 教授 John Volckens 博士和 Maggie Clark 博士以及 Theoneste 博士 Ntakirutimana，卢旺达大学教授，空气污染、暴露科学、流行病学、公共卫生。培训活动将包括 (1) 工程/传感器开发；(2) 数据。科学和统计学；(3) 流行病学和健康影响；(4) 健康传播。