SOCIAL LEARNING OF REWARD VALUE

奖励价值的社会学习

基本信息

批准号：
9069056
负责人：
JOHN P O'DOHERTY
金额：
$ 33.48万
依托单位：
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至 2017-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9069056
关键词：
Address Amygdaloid structure Autistic Disorder Basal Ganglia Behavioral Brain Competence Computer Simulation Computers Corpus striatum structure Data Decision Making Diagnosis Dopamine Electrophysiology (science)Empathy Foundations Friends Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional disorder Gender Human Individual Individual Differences Investigation Learning Measures Mental disorders Mind Modeling Monkeys Neurobiology Outcome Participant Patients Persons Play Prefrontal Cortex Protocols documentation Recruitment Activity Rewards Signal Transduction Social Behavior Social Distance Social Values Stimulus Structure Substantia nigra structure System Testing Tungsten Unit of Measure Universities Variant Ventral Striatum base dopaminergic neuron experience neural correlate neurotransmission psychologic relating to nervous system research study reward processing social social learning sound theories trait

项目摘要

This Project investigates one of the most important ways in which humans learn to make sound decisions: through observing other people. Whereas Project 1 investigated how we value social and nonsocial stimuli (social reward processing), this Project 2 investigates how we learn from other people about rewards (observational learning). Do the same computations of decision values and experienced values that were investigated under Project 1 also come into play when we watch others? If so, do they recruit the same brain structures? Four Specific Aims systematically investigate how the mechanisms behind observational learning might contrast with the much better studied mechanisms behind learning from direct experience. The first Aim focuses on a structure thought to encode reward prediction errors in dopaminergic neurons that drive learning, the ventral striatum, and recordings in monkeys. The second Aim extends these studies to humans, using single-unit and LFP data from intracranial recordings, together with fMRI and focuses on the target structures of dopamine projections: amygdala and vmPFC. The third Aim asks what difference it might make exactly who we are observing: whether the person is competent or not, whether they are a friend or a stranger; this Aim looks at such modulation in the ventral striatum, the amygdala, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The fourth Aim explores possible individual differences between the fMRI data obtained under Aims 1 and 2, and the psychological variables assessed under Core 3.

该项目调查了人类学会做出正确决定的最重要方法之一：通过观察他人。项目1研究了我们如何重视社会和非社会刺激（社会奖励处理），而该项目2研究了我们如何向其他人学习有关奖励的知识（观察性学习）。当我们观看其他人时，根据项目1调查的决策价值和经验值的计算是否也会发挥作用？如果是这样，他们会招募相同的大脑结构吗？四个特定的目标系统地研究了观察学习背后的机制如何与从直接经验中学习的更好研究的机制形成对比。第一个目的集中于一种被认为可以编码多巴胺能神经元中的奖励预测错误的结构，这些神经元可以推动学习，腹侧纹状体和记录猴子。第二个目的将这些研究扩展到人类，使用颅内记录的单单元和LFP数据以及fMRI，重点关注多巴胺投影的目标结构：杏仁核和VMPFC。第三个目标询问它可能确切地观察到的人有什么区别：该人是否有能力，无论他们是朋友还是陌生人；这个目标着眼于腹侧纹状体，杏仁核和腹侧前额叶皮层中的这种调节。第四个目标探讨了目标1和2获得的fMRI数据之间可能的个体差异，以及根据Core 3评估的心理变量。