Smoking-related Differences in Baroreflex Sensitivity and Fear Inhibition in Adults Who Do and Do Not Smoke Cigarettes

吸烟和不吸烟的成年人压力感受反射敏感性和恐惧抑制的与吸烟相关的差异

• 批准号: 10607239
• 负责人: Hannah Brinkman
• 金额: $ 4.55万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10607239
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anatomy; Animal Experimentation; Animals; Anxiety; Award; Back; Baroreflex; Behavior; Behavioral; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain region; Caliber; Cardiovascular Physiology; Cardiovascular system; Central Nervous System; Chronic; Cigarette Smoker; Cognitive; Collection; Communication; Cues; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Disease; Emotional; Ensure; Etiology; Exhibits; Extinction; Feedback; Fellowship; Foundations; Fright; Future; Galvanic Skin Response; Goals; Health; Health behavior; Heart; Heart Rate; High Prevalence; Human; Impairment; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Linear Regressions; Measures; Mediation; Methods; Modeling; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pathologic; Pathology; Peripheral; Peripheral Nervous System; Persons; Phase; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Positioning Attribute; Process; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Research; Research Design; Respiratory physiology; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Science; Seminal; Signal Transduction; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Status; Time; Tobacco; Training; Translating; Visceral; Visit; Vulnerable Populations; Work; addiction; anxiety symptoms; anxious; behavioral response; cigarette smoking; comorbidity; conditioned fear; design; disability; experience; experimental study; human model; improved; improved outcome; indexing; insight; negative affect; neural; nicotine use; non-smoker; response; smoking prevalence; substance use; success; teaching assistant; translational model

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Evidence that anxious smokers experience lower cessation success and account for a greater proportion of tobacco-related disease and disability underscores the need to identify common factors that underlie this comorbidity and improve outcomes in this vulnerable population. Research initiatives addressing cigarette use and anxiety have largely overlooked physiological mechanisms that facilitate body-brain communication, despite their promise as malleable intervention targets. To address this gap, study designs are needed that characterize (1) the effects of cigarette use on physiological processes that support body-brain communication and (2) how these impairments confer anxiety risk in human models. This application proposes that the baroreflex, a well-delineated feedback loop through which body-brain communication occurs, is likely to be impaired in cigarette smokers and, as a result, may undermine core learning processes that confer anxiety risk. The proposed study will involve a single in-person laboratory visit during which 66 participants (n=33 smokers; n=33 non-smokers) will complete a fear conditioning paradigm while baroreflex function assessed. Dependent variables include: (1) baroreflex function indexed via electrocardiograph and blood pressure data and (2) fear inhibition indexed via skin conductance response during the paradigm’s extinction training phase. Analysis of variance, linear regression, and mediation modeling will be used to examine group differences in baroreflex function between smokers and non-smokers (Aim 1), the relationship between baroreflex function and fear inhibition (Aim 2), and the direct and indirect effects of smoking status on fear inhibition through the baroreflex (Aim 3), respectively. Findings will refine knowledge of physiological processes implicated in anxiety, smoking, and their high comorbidity. The applicant is applying for an F31 award to receive high caliber training in the design and implementation of mechanism-focused addiction research (Goal 1), translational models of anxiety pathology (Goal 2), psychophysiological interpretation and analysis (Goal 3), and professional development (Goal 4). The research and training plan will lay the foundation for the applicant’s future line of research to examine how substance- related impairments in physiological function promote anxiety risk and maintain substance use behavior. Receiving an F31 fellowship will relieve the applicant from her time-intensive teaching assistant position to effectively to conduct research and establish a strong interdisciplinary network in the addiction science field.

项目概要/摘要 有证据表明，焦虑吸烟者的戒烟成功率较低，并且在吸烟者中所占比例较高。 与烟草有关的疾病和残疾强调需要确定造成这种情况的共同因素 解决卷烟使用问题的研究举措。 和焦虑在很大程度上忽视了促进身体-大脑交流的生理机制， 尽管它们有望成为可塑的干预目标，但为了解决这一差距，需要进行研究设计。 描述 (1) 吸烟对支持体脑交流的生理过程的影响 (2)这些损伤如何在人类模型中带来焦虑风险。 该应用提出了压力感受反射，这是一种明确的反馈回路，通过它身体-大脑 吸烟者的沟通可能会受到损害，因此可能会破坏核心 拟议的研究将涉及一次亲自实验室访问。 在此期间，66 名参与者（n=33 名吸烟者；n=33 名非吸烟者）将完成恐惧调节范式 评估压力感受反射功能的因变量包括： (1) 压力感受反射功能 心电图和血压数据以及 (2) 通过皮肤电导反应索引的恐惧抑制 在范式的消退训练阶段进行方差分析、线性回归和中介。 模型将用于检查吸烟者和非吸烟者之间压力反射功能的群体差异 （目标 1）、压力感受反射功能与恐惧抑制之间的关系（目标 2）以及直接和间接 吸烟状况对通过压力反射抑制恐惧的影响（目标 3）将分别得到完善。 了解与焦虑、吸烟及其高合并症有关的生理过程。 申请人正在申请 F31 奖项，以接受设计和实施方面的高水平培训 以机制为中心的成瘾研究（目标 1），焦虑病理学的转化模型（目标 2）， 心理生理学解释和分析（目标 3）和专业发展（目标 4）。 培训计划将为申请人未来的研究方向奠定基础，以检验实质内容- 相关的生理功能损伤会增加焦虑风险并维持物质使用行为。 获得 F31 奖学金将使申请人从耗时的助教职位中解脱出来， 有效地开展研究并在成瘾科学领域建立强大的跨学科网络。