Drug abuse and jobs: racial disparities in labor force participation and outcomes

药物滥用和就业：劳动力参与和结果的种族差异

基本信息

批准号：
9020221
负责人：
Cassandra A. Okechukwu
金额：
$ 7.99万
依托单位：
HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-03-01 至 2018-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9020221
关键词：
Address Adult Adverse effects Affect Alaskan Native American Alcohol abuse Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Area Child Welfare Clinical Trials Network Conflict (Psychology)Consumption Criminal Justice Dependence Disease remission Drug abuse Drug usage Drug user Economics Employment Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiology Faculty Frequencies Future Health Health Services Hispanics Household Individual Interdisciplinary Study Intervention Labor Forces Marijuana Marketing Minority NIH Program Announcements National Institute of Drug Abuse Native Americans Occupational Epidemiology Occupations Opioid Outcome Outcome Measure Participant Performance Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenotype Policies Policy Maker Population Prejudice Prevention Public Health Practice Race Recovery Research Research Personnel Resources Sampling Shoulder Sociology Staging Strategic Planning Surveys System Time Treatment outcome Unemployment United States United States National Institutes of Health United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Vulnerable Populations Work Workplace clinical practice design drug abuse prevention economic outcome ethnic difference ethnic minority population experience follow-up health disparity health economics improved intervention program labor force participation population based programs racial and ethnic racial and ethnic disparities racial disparity social tobacco abuse young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project addresses the impact of problem drug use (defined as frequency of use, misuse, and dependence) on labor force participation and job-related problems in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of United States adults. A key objective is to investigate racial/ethnic disparities in these associations. Both the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Outcomes Measure and the NIDA Clinical Trials Network have identified employment as an area in need of improved research and intervention. Yet, important gaps remain in our understanding of the population-level impact of problem drug use on labor force participation and the extent to which this impact is disproportionately shouldered by race/ethnic minorities. Also, it remains to be shown if and how much recovery from problem drug use improves employment outcomes for all workers. Research evidence shows that racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to have higher unemployment rates and unfair labor market experiences. Also, they suffer more social consequences, such as greater likelihood of involvement with the child welfare or criminal justice systems when they misuse, abuse or are dependent on drugs. However, it is unclear whether these disproportionate consequences of problem drug use extend to, or contribute to, the observed racial/ethnic disparities in employment outcomes. The proposed study answers these questions using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative household survey with an oversample of racial/ethnic minority adults (n=43,093 wave 1 and n=34,653 followed up in wave 2). NESARC collects detailed consumption information on timing and quantities of alcohol, marijuana, stimulants, opioids and depressants. The Specific Aims are: 1: To investigate the impact of problem drug use on labor force participation, to determine whether this impact differs among racial/ethnic minorities, and to evaluate whether recovery from problem drug use can mitigate this impact. We hypothesize that problem drug use will be negatively associated with labor force participation and that Black, Native American/Alaskan Native and Hispanic individuals will be disproportionately affected by these adverse effects. We also hypothesize that recovery from problem drug use will be associated with improved labor force participation at wave 2, but racial/ethnic minorities will benefit less from the positive effects of recovery. 2: To investigat, among labor force participants, the impact of problem drug use on employment outcomes and to investigate racial/ethnic disparities. Our hypotheses are that problem drug use will be associated with job loss and job-related conflict, and racial/ethnic minorities will be disproportionately affected by these effects. Impact: Determining the extent of racial/ethnic disparities in the job consequences of problem drug use is necessary to guide future work to uncover and address mechanisms underlying these disparities.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目解决了问题使用药物使用（定义为使用频率，滥用和依赖）对劳动力参与和与工作相关的问题的影响，在美国成年人的全国代表性纵向样本中。一个关键目标是研究这些关联中的种族/种族差异。美国药物滥用和精神卫生服务管理局（SAMHSA）国家成果措施和NIDA临床试验网络都将就业确定为需要改进的研究和干预的领域。然而，我们对问题吸毒对劳动力参与的人口水平的影响以及这种影响的程度不成比例的程度仍然存在着重要差距。另外，是否有待证明的是，是否以及从问题中恢复了多少恢复药物可以改善所有工人的就业成果。研究证据表明，种族/族裔少数民族更有可能具有更高的失业率和不公平的劳动力市场经验。此外，他们遭受更大的社会后果，例如在滥用，滥用或依赖毒品时，更有可能参与儿童福利或刑事司法系统。但是，尚不清楚问题使用药物的这些不成比例的后果是否扩展到或促成观察到的就业结果中观察到的种族/种族差异。拟议的研究使用全国性的酒精和相关条件的国家流行病学调查（NESARC）回答了这些问题，该调查是一项全国代表性的家庭调查，其种族/族裔少数民族成年人超过了（n = 43,093波第1波，n = 34,653，随后在第2浪中随后进行）。 NESARC收集了有关时间和数量的酒精，大麻，兴奋剂，阿片类药物和抑郁剂的详细消费信息。具体目的是：1：研究问题药物对劳动力参与的影响，确定这种影响是否在种族/族裔少数民族之间有所不同，并评估来自问题的毒品使用是否可以减轻这种影响。我们假设有问题的药物使用将与劳动力参与负相关，而黑人，美洲原住民/阿拉斯加原住民和西班牙裔人则将受到这些不利影响的不成比例。我们还假设从问题中恢复毒品的恢复将与第2浪的劳动力参与改善有关，但是种族/少数民族将从恢复的积极影响中受益较少。 2：在劳动力参与者中调查问题药物对就业结果的影响并调查种族/族裔差异。我们的假设是，毒品使用问题将与失业和与工作有关的冲突有关，并且种族/族裔少数民族将受到这些影响的不成比例影响。影响：确定种族/族裔差异在问题的工作后果中的程度是指导未来的工作以发现和解决这些差异的基础机制。