Multi-Contrast X-ray Breast Imaging

多对比 X 射线乳腺成像

• 批准号: 9029087
• 负责人: Guang-Hong Chen
• 金额: $ 39.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9029087
• 关键词: Address; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Breast; Breast Cancer Detection; Breast Cancer Early Detection; Breast Microcalcification; Cadaver; Calcified; Cancer Detection; Characteristics; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Consensus; Data Set; Detection; Digital Breast Tomosynthesis; Digital Mammography; Disease; Dose; Evaluation; FDA approved; Gold; Health Care Costs; Image; Imagery; Imaging technology; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammary Gland Parenchyma; Mammography; Methods; Nature; Neoplasm Metastasis; Normal tissue morphology; Outcome; Performance; Phase; Photons; Physical Performance; Physicians; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Radiation; Randomized Controlled Trials; Reading; Research; Resolution; Risk; Roentgen Rays; Screening Result; Sensitivity and Specificity; Staging; System; Techniques; Woman; absorption; base; breast cancer diagnosis; breast imaging; cancer diagnosis; cone-beam computed tomography; contrast imaging; data acquisition; design; digital; image reconstruction; imaging modality; imaging system; improved; malignant breast neoplasm; novel; prototype; public health relevance; quantitative imaging; screening; soft tissue; two-dimensional

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women today. The best current strategy is to detect and treat breast cancer early, before the cancer has a chance to metastasize. Conventional x-ray mammography remains the most commonly used imaging method for early breast cancer detection. However, the sensitivity and specificity are limited in x-ray mammography largely due to its two-dimensional (2D) nature and the consequent structural overlapping. This limitation is exacerbated for radiologically dense breasts in which normal tissue may obscure a cancer. Despite the fact that tremendous progress has been made to improve the detection of cancer masses and of microcalcifications by the introduction of digital breast tomosynthesis and dedicated breast cone- beam CT, one common limitation remains in all current x-ray methods: both breast cancer detection tasks depend on a single x-ray absorption contrast mechanism. The optimal detection performances of these two detection tasks often have competing requirements on spatial resolution and radiation dose. As a result, the performance of both detection tasks is somewhat compromised. The overall objective of this proposal is to develop a multi-contrast x-ray digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis imaging system to improve breast cancer detection for women with dense breasts. In this new imaging system, the current absorption-based digital mammography and DBT imaging capability will be maintained with the addition of two supplemental contrast mechanisms: the first utilizes a contrast mechanism based on the x-ray refraction property in soft tissue and permits improved visualization of low contrast masses. The detection of microcalcifications can be accomplished by another concomitant novel x-ray dark field contrast mechanism. Note that all three types of images, viz., absorption image, phase contrast image, and dark field image, are generated from a single data acquisition. Given the fact that the current clinical DBT imaging system enables one to acquire both digital mammography and DBT images, the proposed multi-contrast breast imaging system will be constructed by incorporating an x-ray Talbot-Lau grating interferometer into one of these systems. Novel image reconstruction, processing, and display methods will be developed to help physicians extract the most valuable information from the multi-contrast mammography and DBT images. There are four primary specific aims in this proposal: (1) Optimize and fabricate grating interferometer for the multi-contrast breast imaging system; (2) Integrate gratings into the current clinical DBT systems and perform an experimental characterization of physical performance; (3) Perform quantitative imaging performance assessment and optimize imaging protocols; (4) Perform initial clinical performance evaluation of the multi-contrast imaging system. Upon the completion of this project, the first clinical prototype multi-contrast system will have been constructed for clinical studies. The disease signatures in the acquired multi-contrast DBT images will be understood, and the system will be ready for clinical trial studies in the next stage of the project.

 描述（由适用提供）：乳腺癌是当今女性中最常见的癌症。当前最好的策略是在癌症有机会转移之前早期检测和治疗乳腺癌。常规的X射线乳房X线摄影仍然是早期乳腺癌检测的最常用的成像方法。但是，X射线乳房X线摄影的灵敏度和特异性在很大程度上受到二维（2D）性质以及随之而来的结构重叠的限制。对于放射线密集的乳房，正常组织可能会掩盖癌症的放射线密集乳房，这种局限性加剧了。尽管已经取得了巨大进展来通过引入数字乳房合成和专用的乳腺圆锥形CT来改善癌症的检测和微钙化的检测，但在所有当前的X射线方法中仍然存在一个共同的限制：这两种乳腺癌检测任务都取决于单个X射线抽象对比机制。这两个检测任务的最佳检测性能通常对空间分辨率和辐射剂量具有竞争要求。结果，两个检测任务的性能都受到损害。该提案的总体目的是开发一种多对比度X射线乳房X线摄影和数字乳房合成成像系统，以改善乳房密集的女性的乳腺癌检测。在这个新的成像系统中，当前基于抽象的数字乳房X线摄影和DBT成像能力将通过增加两种补充对比机制来维持：第一个利用基于软组织中X射线折射特性的对比机制，并允许改善低对比度质量的可视化。微钙化的检测可以通过另一种伴随的新型X射线暗场对比机制来实现。请注意，从单个数据采集生成所有三种类型的图像，即，抽象图像，相对形成图像和暗场图像。鉴于当前的临床DBT成像系统使人们能够同时获得数字乳房摄影和DBT图像，因此提出的多对比度乳房成像系统将通过将X射线talbot-lau光栅干涉仪纳入其中一个系统来构建。将开发新的图像重建，处理和显示方法，以帮助医生从多对比乳房X线摄影和DBT图像中提取最有价值的信息。该提案中有四个主要的特定目的：（1）用于多对比度乳房成像系统的优化和织物光栅干涉仪； （2）将光栅整合到当前的临床DBT系统中，并对身体性能进行实验表征； （3）执行定量成像性能评估并优化成像协议； （4）对多对比度成像系统进行初始临床性能评估。该项目完成后，将构建第一个临床原型多对比度系统用于临床研究。将了解所获得的多对比DBT图像中的疾病特征，该系统将在项目的下一阶段准备进行临床试验研究。