The Effects of Early Life Stress on Neurodevelopment in Children and Adolescents

早期生活压力对儿童和青少年神经发育的影响

• 批准号: 9302867
• 负责人: IAN H GOTLIB
• 金额: $ 14.43万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9302867
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Adverse event; Anger; Animals; Anxiety; Arousal and Regulatory Systems; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Symptoms; Categories; Child; Child Abuse and Neglect; Childhood; Cognition; Cognitive; Corpus striatum structure; Development; Diagnostic; Disease; Early Intervention; Emotional disorder; Emotions; Endocrine; Epidemiologic Studies; Evaluation; Exhibits; Female; Formulation; Functional disorder; Gender; Generations; Goals; Health; Incidence; Investigation; Lead; Life Stress; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Moods; Negative Valence; Neural Pathways; Neurobiology; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosecretory Systems; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Positive Valence; Process; Psychopathology; Puberty; Recording of previous events; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Stress; Structure; Substance Use Disorder; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Youth; adverse outcome; boys; cognitive function; cognitive process; critical period; design; experience; follow-up; girls; male; maltreatment; neural circuit; neural model; neurodevelopment; prevent; psychiatric symptom; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; self reported behavior; stress symptom

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early life stress (ELS) is a significant risk factor for the development of a range of psychiatric symptoms that cut across a number of diagnostic categories. The mechanisms through which ELS confers this heightened vulnerability, however, are poorly understood. Given that there are several million referrals involving alleged child maltreatment in the US each year, it is critical that investigators focus on elucidating the neurodevelopmental consequences of ELS and the mechanisms by which ELS-related changes in neurobiological function confer vulnerability for psychopathology. Importantly, epidemiological studies have documented that the transition to puberty is a critical period for the expression of the effects of ELS; moreover, beginning at puberty, there is a higher incidence of symptoms of emotional disorders in females than in males who were abused as young children, suggesting that these outcomes are moderated by gender. Therefore, in efforts to elucidate the effects of ELS on neurobiological systems and on vulnerability for psychopathology, it is vital that researchers consider the impact of both puberty and gender. The proposed project is designed to address these issues, examining the influence of ELS on the maturation of neural circuits and neuroendocrine and cognitive processes that are critical to psychological health, and that are integral to specific RDoC constructs of the Negative Valence, Positive Valence, and Arousal/Regulatory Systems. Because ELS confers vulnerability for a range of psychiatric illnesses, elucidating the effects of ELS on broad domains of function in which aberrations are posited to transect a variety of psychopathologies will allow us to develop a more comprehensive and integrative understanding of how risk for psychopathology emerges and is manifested in children with a history of ELS. Further, findings from this project will inform early interventions aimed at preventing the long-term sequelae of ELS.

描述（由申请人提供）：早期生活压力（ELS）是发展各种诊断类别的一系列精神病症状的重要危险因素。然而，EL赋予这种增强脆弱性的机制知之甚少。鉴于每年在美国涉及涉嫌虐待儿童虐待的几百万次转诊，因此研究人员的重点是阐明ELS的神经发育后果以及ELS与ELS相关的神经生物学功能的变化赋予精神病学脆弱性的机制。重要的是，流行病学研究表明，向青春期的过渡是表达EL效应的关键时期。此外，从青春期开始，女性情绪障碍症状的发生率要比被虐待的男性症状更高，这表明这些结果受到性别的缓解。因此，为了阐明EL对神经生物学系统的影响以及对心理病理学脆弱性的影响，研究人员必须考虑青春期和性别的影响至关重要。拟议的项目旨在解决这些问题，研究EL对神经回路的成熟，神经内分泌和认知过程的影响，这些过程对心理健康至关重要，这些过程与负面价，正价和唤醒/调节系统的特定RDOC结构不可或缺。因为ELS赋予了一系列精神病的脆弱性，因此阐明了EL对广泛的功能领域的影响，在这种功能领域中，假设畸变被施加了横断多种心理病理学的畸变，这将使我们能够对精神病理学的风险产生更全面和综合的理解，并在具有ELS历史的儿童中表现出来。此外，该项目的发现将尽早告知 旨在防止EL的长期后遗症的干预措施。