Taste, Preferences, and Behavior: Effects of Nicotine and Flavorings in Electroni

味道、偏好和行为：尼古丁和调味剂对电子产品的影响

• 批准号: 8913927
• 负责人: MARK D. LITT
• 金额: $ 62.42万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-30 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8913927
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Behavior; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Cognition; Complex; Consumption; Electronic cigarette; Female; Flavoring; Future; Habits; Harm Reduction; Health; Home environment; Intention; Laboratories; Masks; Motivation; Nicotine; Pattern; Phase; Phenotype; Procedures; Randomized; Regulation; Reporting; Risk; Sampling; Smoke; Smoker; Study Subject; System; Taste Perception; Taste preferences; Testing; Tobacco; Voice; Woman; base; cigarette smoking; craving; experience; follow-up; male; men; negative mood; nicotine craving; positive mood; preference; reproductive; response; satisfaction; sex; smoking cessation

DESCRIPTION: To date, neither the usage patterns nor the health risks of e-cigarettes are well known. The purpose of this project is to determine the effects of nicotine concentration and flavor additives in e-cigarettes on the preferences, cognitions, affects, and behaviors associated with e-cigarette use, particularly in women of reproductive age. We suspect that women, compared to men, will be more motivated to smoke by negative effects, rather than by nicotine level, and will have a greater preference for sweeter or masking flavors. These findings may have implications for future regulation of alternative tobacco products, particularly if certain flavors or nicotine concentrations are associated with greater use. To explore these issues, we will conduct a two- phase study of e-cigarettes with 120 male and female smokers who report no intention to quit smoking. Phase I will entail a laboratory baseline test of preferences, liking satisfaction, and effects on craving using high versus low concentrations of nicotine crossed with tobacco-flavored or sweet/masking flavor additives. During this phase subjects will identify a most preferred e-cigarette flavoring. Phase II will evaluate subjects' usage patterns of preferred cigarettes and of e-cigarettes in their home environments, employing the same subjects studied in Phase I. Subjects in Phase II will be followed using a daily interactive voice response (IVR) assessment procedure for a period of 1 week, and instructed to smoke as they normally would. After this period subjects will be asked to refrain from smoking cigarettes, randomized to one of four e-cigarette conditions, and followed with the IVR procedure for 6 weeks. The e-cig conditions will be: No nicotine - tobacco flavoring; High nicotine - tobacco flavoring; No nicotine - preferred flavoring; High nicotine - preferred flavoring. During the IVR periods subjects will call the IVR system each evening to answer questions about daily cigarette or e-cigarette use, nicotine cravings before and after e-cigarette use, e-cigarette liking, affects and cognitions related to use, and situational determinants of using the e-cigarette. During the e- cig period subjects also will be asked about use of regular cigarettes despite being asked not to smoke, and cigarette smoking will be tested weekly. Analyses of e-cigarette usage rates will be adjusted for taste sensitivity. A 3-month follow-up will be used to determine if cigarette smoking habits are altered by the e- cigarette experience. Results will provide information about daily motivations to use cigarettes and e- cigarettes, the influence of flavors and nicotine levels on consumption of alternative tobacco products like e- cigarettes, and the effects of using e-cigarettes on subsequent cigarette smoking.

描述：迄今为止，使用模式和电子烟的健康风险都不是众所周知的。该项目的目的是确定电子烟中尼古丁浓度和风味添加剂对与电子烟的使用相关的偏好，认知，影响和行为的影响，尤其是在生殖年龄的女性中。我们怀疑与男性相比，女性会更有动力地通过负面影响而不是尼古丁水平吸烟，并且会更偏爱更甜或掩盖的口味。这些发现可能对未来对替代烟草产品的调节有影响，特别是如果某些口味或尼古丁浓度与更大的使用有关。为了探索这些问题，我们将对120名男性和女性吸烟者进行两阶段研究，他们报告无意戒烟。第一阶段将需要对偏好的实验室基线测试，喜欢满意度以及对使用高浓度的尼古丁与烟草风味或甜/掩蔽风味添加剂交叉的低浓度尼古丁的影响。在此阶段，受试者将确定最喜欢的电子烟调味料。第二阶段将评估受试者在其家庭环境中首选的香烟和电子烟的使用模式，并采用第I期中研究的相同受试者，将使用每日互动语音响应（IVR）评估程序进行1周，并进行1周的时间，并像正常的那样吸烟。在此期间之后，将要求受试者避免吸烟，然后随机分为四个电子烟条件之一，然后进行IVR程序6周。电子烟条件将是：没有尼古丁 - 烟草调味料；高尼古丁 - 烟草调味料；没有尼古丁 - 首选调味料；高尼古丁 - 首选调味料。在IVR期间，受试者每天晚上都会打电话给IVR系统，以回答有关每日香烟或电子烟的使用，电子烟使用前后的尼古丁渴望，电子烟喜欢，会影响 以及与使用有关的认知以及使用电子烟的情况决定因素。在e-cig期间，尽管被要求不吸烟，但仍将询问使用常规香烟，并且每周都会对吸烟进行测试。电子烟使用率的分析将调整以提高口味灵敏度。将使用3个月的随访来确定e-香烟体验是否改变了吸烟习惯。结果将提供有关每天使用香烟和卷烟的动机的信息，口味和尼古丁水平的影响 关于替代烟草产品（例如电子香烟）的消费，以及使用电子烟对随后的香烟吸烟的影响。