Siblings Reared Apart: A Naturalistic Cross-Fostering Study of Young Children

分开抚养的兄弟姐妹：一项针对幼儿的自然主义交叉抚养研究

基本信息

批准号：
8850412
负责人：
Leslie Diane Leve
金额：
$ 67.26万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-30 至 2017-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8850412
关键词：
7 year old Accounting Adopted Adoption Affect Age Alcohol abuse American Animals Biological Birth Buffers Characteristics Child Child Behavior Child Rearing Childhood Competence Conflict (Psychology)Data Dependence Development Diagnosis Discipline Drug abuse Drug usage Environment Ethics Family Fostering Future Generations Genes Genetic Genetic Risk Growth and Development function Home environment Hostility Human Illicit Drugs Inherited Intervention Link Marital Relationships Measures Monitor Mothers Outcome Outcomes Research Parents Pathway interactions Pattern Population Positioning Attribute Prevention Preventive Intervention Problem behavior Psychopathology Reporting Research Research Design Risk Risk Behaviors Rodent Role Sampling Siblings Social Adjustment Social Characteristics Testing Work addiction adopted child base caregiving competence factor design drug abuse prevention executive function gene environment interaction intergenerational nonhuman primate offspring parental monitoring peer prospective public health relevance research study social skills teacher transmission process

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study utilizes a naturalistic human cross-fostering design to advance the understanding of childhood pathways to risk for drug use by identifying nuances in the rearing environment that are associated with child risk behaviors and competencies. In this quasi-experimental study, the sample will consist of 215 sibling pairs in which one sibling was reared from birth with an adoptive family, and the other sibling was reared from birth by the biological mother of the sibling pair. Similar to non-human cross-fostering studies, this design allows for the differentiation of the effects of the rearing environment from effect of shared genes between parent and child. The sample will be drawn from an existing study of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families (the Early Growth and Development Study; R01HD42608 and R01DA020585). We propose to add new data on 215 biological siblings of the adopted children. The biological siblings and their rearing parents will be assessed at the same age (age 7) and using the same measures that were used to assess the adopted children and the adoptive parents. The assessment includes child risk behaviors (e.g., externalizing problems, inhibitory control deficits) and social competencies (social skills, prosocial peer relations) known to be predictive of later drug use. The assessment of the rearing environment includes both risk-promoting (harsh parental discipline, parental drug use, conflictual partner relations, and parent psychopathology) and competence-promoting (e.g., parental sensitivity, warmth, effective monitoring, and warm marital relations) factors. To our knowledge, there is no other human cross-fostering study of social adjustment or parenting in childhood. The specific aims focus on the prevention of risk pathways leading to later drug use: (1) Compare risk behaviors and social competencies between the siblings reared apart; (2) Examine links between differences in siblings' rearing environment and differences in child adjustment; (3) Examine how positive rearing environments may buffer risk from children's inherited tendencies and how negative rearing environments may exacerbate inherited risk (GxE). The proposed study is well positioned to examine how the care giving environment differentially affects outcomes for siblings who are genetically-related, but who are reared from birth in different environments. The results will inform prevention efforts for reducing children's risk for later drug use by identifying facets of the rearing environment that are associated with child risk behaviors once shared genes between parent and children are removed, and rearing environments that might additionally offset inherited liabilities for early externalizing problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究利用自然主义的人类交叉培训设计来促进对儿童期通路的理解，通过识别与儿童风险行为和能力相关的饲养环境中的细微差别，以识别毒品使用风险。在这项准实验研究中，该样本将由215对兄弟姐妹对组成，其中一个兄弟姐妹与收养家庭一起出生，另一个兄弟姐妹由兄弟姐妹的亲生母亲从出生中抚养。与非人类的跨媒体研究类似，这种设计允许饲养环境的影响与父母和子女之间的共享基因的效果的分化。该样本将从现有的收养儿童及其生物学和收养家庭的研究中得出（早期增长和发展研究； R01HD42608和R01DA020585）。我们建议添加有关被收养儿童的215个生物兄弟姐妹的新数据。生物兄弟姐妹及其养育父母将可以在同一年龄（7岁）进行评估，并使用用于评估被收养子女和收养父母的相同措施。评估包括儿童风险行为（例如，外部化问题，抑制性控制缺陷）和社会能力（社交技能，亲社会同伴关系）已知可以预测后来的药物使用。对饲养环境的评估包括促进风险（苛刻的父母纪律，父母的药物使用，冲突伴侣关系和父母心理病理学）和促进能力（例如，父母的敏感性，温暖，有效的监测和温暖的婚姻关系）因素。据我们所知，在童年时期，没有其他人类的社会调整或育儿研究。具体的目的是预防导致后来使用药物的风险途径：（1）比较抚养兄弟姐妹之间的风险行为和社会能力；（2）检查兄弟姐妹饲养环境的差异与儿童调整差异之间的联系；（3）检查积极的饲养环境如何从儿童的遗传趋势中缓冲风险，以及负面的饲养环境如何加剧遗传的遗传风险（GXE）。拟议的研究非常适合研究护理如何给予环境的差异化影响与遗传有关的兄弟姐妹但在不同环境中出生而饲养的兄弟姐妹的结果。结果将为减少儿童的预防工作提供依据一旦删除父母和儿童之间共享基因，与儿童风险行为相关的饲养环境的方面通过确定与儿童风险行为有关的风险，而饲养环境可能还抵消了早期外部化问题的遗传负债。