Siblings Reared Apart: A Naturalistic Cross-Fostering Study of Young Children

分开抚养的兄弟姐妹：一项针对幼儿的自然主义交叉抚养研究

基本信息

批准号：
8850412
负责人：
Leslie Diane Leve
金额：
$ 67.26万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-30 至 2017-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8850412
关键词：
7 year old Accounting Adopted Adoption Affect Age Alcohol abuse American Animals Biological Birth Buffers Characteristics Child Child Behavior Child Rearing Childhood Competence Conflict (Psychology)Data Dependence Development Diagnosis Discipline Drug abuse Drug usage Environment Ethics Family Fostering Future Generations Genes Genetic Genetic Risk Growth and Development function Home environment Hostility Human Illicit Drugs Inherited Intervention Link Marital Relationships Measures Monitor Mothers Outcome Outcomes Research Parents Pathway interactions Pattern Population Positioning Attribute Prevention Preventive Intervention Problem behavior Psychopathology Reporting Research Research Design Risk Risk Behaviors Rodent Role Sampling Siblings Social Adjustment Social Characteristics Testing Work addiction adopted child base caregiving competence factor design drug abuse prevention executive function gene environment interaction intergenerational nonhuman primate offspring parental monitoring peer prospective public health relevance research study social skills teacher transmission process

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study utilizes a naturalistic human cross-fostering design to advance the understanding of childhood pathways to risk for drug use by identifying nuances in the rearing environment that are associated with child risk behaviors and competencies. In this quasi-experimental study, the sample will consist of 215 sibling pairs in which one sibling was reared from birth with an adoptive family, and the other sibling was reared from birth by the biological mother of the sibling pair. Similar to non-human cross-fostering studies, this design allows for the differentiation of the effects of the rearing environment from effect of shared genes between parent and child. The sample will be drawn from an existing study of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families (the Early Growth and Development Study; R01HD42608 and R01DA020585). We propose to add new data on 215 biological siblings of the adopted children. The biological siblings and their rearing parents will be assessed at the same age (age 7) and using the same measures that were used to assess the adopted children and the adoptive parents. The assessment includes child risk behaviors (e.g., externalizing problems, inhibitory control deficits) and social competencies (social skills, prosocial peer relations) known to be predictive of later drug use. The assessment of the rearing environment includes both risk-promoting (harsh parental discipline, parental drug use, conflictual partner relations, and parent psychopathology) and competence-promoting (e.g., parental sensitivity, warmth, effective monitoring, and warm marital relations) factors. To our knowledge, there is no other human cross-fostering study of social adjustment or parenting in childhood. The specific aims focus on the prevention of risk pathways leading to later drug use: (1) Compare risk behaviors and social competencies between the siblings reared apart; (2) Examine links between differences in siblings' rearing environment and differences in child adjustment; (3) Examine how positive rearing environments may buffer risk from children's inherited tendencies and how negative rearing environments may exacerbate inherited risk (GxE). The proposed study is well positioned to examine how the care giving environment differentially affects outcomes for siblings who are genetically-related, but who are reared from birth in different environments. The results will inform prevention efforts for reducing children's risk for later drug use by identifying facets of the rearing environment that are associated with child risk behaviors once shared genes between parent and children are removed, and rearing environments that might additionally offset inherited liabilities for early externalizing problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究采用自然主义的人类交叉抚养设计，通过识别与儿童风险行为和能力相关的抚养环境中的细微差别，促进对儿童吸毒风险途径的理解。在这项准实验研究中，样本将由 215 对兄弟姐妹组成，其中一个兄弟姐妹从出生起就由收养家庭抚养，另一个兄弟姐妹从出生起就由这对兄弟姐妹的亲生母亲抚养。与非人类交叉寄养研究类似，这种设计可以区分养育环境的影响与父母和孩子之间共享基因的影响。样本将从一项针对收养儿童及其亲生家庭和收养家庭的现有研究中抽取（早期生长和发育研究；R01HD42608 和 R01DA020585）。我们建议添加 215 名被收养儿童的亲生兄弟姐妹的新数据。亲生兄弟姐妹和他们的抚养父母将在同一年龄（7 岁）进行评估，并使用与评估被收养儿童和收养父母相同的措施。评估包括儿童风险行为（例如外化问题、抑制控制缺陷）和社交能力（社交技能、亲社会同伴关系）已知可以预测以后的吸毒情况。对教养环境的评估包括风险促进因素（严厉的父母管教、父母吸毒、冲突的伴侣关系和父母精神病理学）和能力促进因素（例如父母的敏感性、温暖、有效的监控和温暖的婚姻关系）。据我们所知，还没有其他关于童年社会适应或养育方式的人类交叉培养研究。具体目标侧重于预防导致日后吸毒的风险途径：（1）比较分开抚养的兄弟姐妹之间的风险行为和社会能力；（2）考察兄弟姐妹的抚养环境差异与子女适应差异之间的联系； (3) 检查积极的养育环境如何缓冲儿童遗传倾向的风险以及消极的养育环境如何加剧遗传风险 (GxE)。这项拟议的研究很好地研究了照顾环境如何对有遗传相关但从出生起就在不同环境中抚养的兄弟姐妹的结果产生不同的影响。研究结果将为减少儿童感染的预防工作提供信息一旦父母和孩子之间的共享基因被去除，通过识别与儿童风险行为相关的养育环境的各个方面，以及可能额外抵消早期外化问题的遗传责任的养育环境，来确定日后吸毒的风险。