Person-environment interplay in alcohol use and consequences among Black youth

黑人青年饮酒及其后果中人与环境的相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
8689587
负责人：
Aesoon Park
金额：
$ 39.51万
依托单位：
SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-05 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8689587
关键词：
Abstinence Accounting Address Adolescence Affect African American Age Alcohol abuse Alcohol consumption Alcohol dependence Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Alleles Attitude Characteristics Criminal Justice Critical Pathways DRD4 gene Development Disadvantaged Discrimination Disease Dopamine Receptor Educational Background Environment Environmental Exposure Environmental Risk Factor Ethanol Metabolism Exhibits Exposure to Failure Family Genes Genetic Polymorphism Genotype Goals Heavy Drinking Impulsivity Individual Individual Differences Injury Intention Intervention Knowledge Legal Life Longitudinal Studies Minisatellite Repeats Modeling Neighborhoods Parenting behavior Parents Pathway interactions Personality Persons Predisposition Prevention strategy Process Prospective Studies Public Health Race Research Research Design Risk Risk Factors Shapes Social Environment Symptoms System Testing Time Work Youth alcohol availability alcohol consequences alcohol exposure alcohol related consequences alcohol related problem alcohol use disorder alcohol use initiation base binge drinking design drinking experience gene environment interaction health disparity high risk high risk sexual behavior improved interest peer public health relevance racial discrimination reduced alcohol use serotonin transporter social stressor treatment strategy underage drinking

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Underage drinking is a major public health concern, showing disproportionately harmful effects on African Americans. Despite the fact that African-American youth exhibit higher rates of abstinence and lower rates of binge drinking, African-American drinkers experience more negative consequences from drinking such as more negative family and interpersonal problems, legal problems, alcohol-related injuries and diseases, and alcohol dependence symptoms. In addition, once developed, alcohol problems are more likely to persist in African American drinkers than in other racial groups. To reduce these troubling alcohol-related health disparities, it is essential to better understand the risk pathways involved in escalations of alcohol use and negative drinking consequences (e.g., academic failure, involvement with the criminal justice system, substance use, and risky sexual behaviors) among African Americans. Mid-adolescence is the optimal period to observe escalations of alcohol use and negative drinking consequences and their risk processes, because alcohol initiation peaks at ages 12/13 and alcohol use disorders peaks at age 18. In the dynamic interactionism perspective, individuals develop through the ongoing reciprocal interplay with their social environment. Although a wide range of individual and social environmental risk factors have been identified, it is unknown how these factors reciprocally affect each other and shape changes in alcohol use and negative drinking consequences among African-American youth over time. Using a genetically-informed 2-wave longitudinal study design, this proposed research aims to model two pathways (i.e., self-selection and gene- environment interaction), by which individual factors interplay with social environmental factors and affect increases in alcohol use and consequences among urban African American youth. First, individual factors (e.g., prior drinking, impulsivity, intention to drink, and the DRD4 rs1800955) that determine the extent to which youth select into high-risk environments (e.g., heavy-drinking peers, and easy alcohol accessibility) will be identified. Second, the extent to which genotypes (the 5-HTTLPR, the DRD4 VNTR, the DRD4 rs1800955, and the ADH1B*3) modulate environmental influences on changes in alcohol use and consequences over time will be tested. The two processes of self-selection and gene-environment interactions will elucidate critical pathways by which alcohol use and consequences are exacerbated over time. The enhanced knowledge about the risk pathways among African American youth will improve public health by informing the development of ethnically and developmentally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies designed to reduce health disparities related to alcohol among African American youth.

项目摘要/摘要未成年人饮酒是一个主要的公共卫生问题，对非洲的有害影响不成比例美国人。尽管非裔美国人青年表现出更高的禁欲和较低的比率暴饮暴食，非裔美国人饮酒者会因饮酒带来更多负面影响更多负面家庭和人际交往问题，法律问题，与酒精有关的伤害和疾病以及酒精依赖症状。此外，一旦开发，酒精问题就更有可能持续非裔美国人饮酒者比其他种族群体。为了减少这些令人不安的酒精有关的健康差异，必须更好地了解酒精使用升级和负面饮酒后果（例如，学术失败，参与刑事司法系统，非洲裔美国人的药物使用和风险性行为。青春期是最佳时期观察饮酒升级和负面饮酒后果及其风险过程，因为酒精起始在12/13岁时达到峰值，酒精使用障碍在18岁时达到峰值。互动主义的观点，个人通过与社会的互惠相互作用而发展环境。尽管已经确定了广泛的个人和社会环境风险因素，但尚不清楚这些因素如何相互影响彼此并形成酒精使用的变化和负面的变化随着时间的流逝，非裔美国人青年的饮酒后果。使用遗传信息的2波纵向研究设计，这项提出的研究旨在建模两种途径（即自选择性和基因 - 环境互动），通过这些因素与社会环境因素相互作用并影响城市非裔美国人青年的饮酒和后果增加。首先，个人因素（例如，先前的饮酒，冲动，饮酒意图和DRD4 RS1800955）确定了多大程度青年选择进入高风险环境（例如，饮酒的同龄人和轻松的酒精可及性）将是确定。其次，基因型的程度（5-HTTLPR，DRD4 VNTR，DRD4 RS1800955，和ADH1B*3）调节环境对酒精使用变化和后果的影响将进行测试。自我选择和基因环境相互作用的两个过程将阐明关键随着时间的流逝，饮酒和后果加剧的途径。增强的知识关于非裔美国青年的风险途径将通过告知公共卫生旨在的种族和发展敏感的预防和干预策略的发展减少非裔美国人青年与酒精有关的健康差异。