Ultraviolet light sensing by cryptochrome

隐花色素紫外光传感

• 批准号: 8852650
• 负责人: Todd C Holmes
• 金额: $ 20.86万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8852650
• 关键词: Accounting; Action Potentials; Agriculture; Aloral; Animal Model; Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Arousal; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Binding; Biological; Biological Assay; Bite; Brain; Butterflies; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Chagas Disease; Circadian Rhythms; Coupling; Crying; Culicidae; Data; Dengue; Detection; Development; Devices; Disease; Disease Vectors; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Environmental Impact; Epidemic; Eye; Flavins; Flying body movement; Frequencies; Future; Genetic; Health; Human; Insect Control; Insect Vectors; Insecta; Laboratories; Lateral; Lead; Length; Light; Longevity; Malaria; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Membrane; Membrane Potentials; Molecular; Neurons; Opsin; Oxidation-Reduction; Performance; Photoreceptors; Phototransduction; Physiological; Physiology; Probability; Process; Property; Proteins; Relative (related person); Research; Solid; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Technology; Testing; Texas; Time; Typhus; Ultraviolet Rays; West Nile virus; Yellow Fever; base; behavioral response; chromophore; cost; cryptochrome; design; fly; human disease; improved; innovation; insect disease; interest; killings; millisecond; mutant; neural circuit; novel; pesticide poisoning; photoactivation; research study; response; sensor; two-photon; ultraviolet; vector; vector mosquito; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ultraviolet (UV) light attracts most flying insects, including human disease vectors such as mosquitoes, flies, and biting gnats; and major agricultural pests. The diseases spread by harmful insects afflict hundreds of millions people worldwide and some insect-mediated diseases such as West Nile virus and dengue fever are alarmingly on the rise in the U.S (note the current epidemic of West Nile disease which is occurring throughout the U.S. and is most severe in Texas). Medical and agricultural damage caused by UV-sensitive insects costs many billions of dollars per year, which has led to the wide use of UV lights for insect control. The currently used versions of light traps are the descendants of designs originating from the Centers for Disease Control in the 1960s. The design of insect control lights is based on the longstanding assumption that UV light detection and behavioral responses are mediated exclusively by UV-sensitive opsins in their eyes and external photoreceptors. Our laboratory has recently identified Cryptochrome (CRY) as another insect UV-sensitive photopigment as a major component for controlling fly behavioral responses to UV light. This exciting new finding followed directly from our recent discovery that blue light photoactivation of insect CRY causes rapid membrane depolarization and up to 300% increased action potential firing rate over baseline dark firing rate in central brain arousal neurons (Sheeb et al., 2007; Fogle et al., 2011). The CRY-mediated electrophysiological light response is robust in the absence of all opsin-based classical photoreceptor inputs (Fogle et al., 2011). Thus it is likely that insect control light technologies could be improved by a better understanding of the physiology of insect UV light response, including taking CRY's properties and physiologically driven processes into account. This proposal provides an innovative plan to explore UV light activation of insect CRYs including a rapid assay to assess the UV sensitivity of CRYs from all known sequences for the most harmful insect disease vectors, including the mosquito species responsible for malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, West Nile virus and others. Other CRY sequences will become available in the near future for testing the insect vectors for Chagas disease and typhus. We had a solid plan to mechanistically determine the molecular and circuit physiology of how UV light activated CRY determines insect behavioral responses to UV light including aims that if successful will provide clear guidance for improving light devices to attrac and kill greater numbers of harmful insects. These plans include a test whether blue light pre-activation amplifies the biological response of CRY to UV light. Most of our plan centers around the use of LEDs as UV light sources. This was done in consideration for eventual field applications using LEDs for harmful insect control due to recent improvements in LED device longevity, precision of temporal control and power efficiency and low cost. The research plan is supported by very strong preliminary data for all aims and thus has a high probability for producing novel high impact findings.

描述（由申请人提供）：紫外线（紫外线）吸引了大多数飞行的昆虫，包括蚊子，苍蝇和咬人的人类疾病媒介；和主要的农业害虫。这些疾病因有害昆虫而蔓延，遭受了全世界数亿人的影响，一些昆虫介导的疾病（如西尼罗河病毒和登革热）令人震惊地在美国的增长（请注意，美国目前在整个美国发生的西尼罗河疾病的流行病，在德克萨斯州最严重）。紫外线敏感的昆虫造成的医疗和农业损害每年要花费数十亿美元，这导致广泛使用紫外线来控制昆虫的控制。当前使用的轻陷阱是后代 源自1960年代疾病控制中心的设计。昆虫控制灯的设计基于以下长期假设，即紫外线检测和行为反应是由紫外线敏感的opsin在其眼睛和外部光感受器中仅介导的。我们的实验室最近将Crypondochrome（Cry）确定为另一种昆虫紫外线敏感的照相，是控制紫外线对紫外光的主要组成部分。这一令人兴奋的新发现直接来自我们最近发现的，昆虫哭泣的蓝光光学激活会导致快速膜去极化，而在中央大脑唤醒神经元的基线暗点火率上，动作势发射速率高达300％（Sheeb等，2007； Fogle等，2011）。在没有所有基于OPSIN的经典光感受器输入的情况下，哭泣介导的电生理光反应是可靠的（Fogle等，2011）。因此，通过更好地理解昆虫紫外线响应的生理学，包括将Cry的特性和生理驱动的过程提出，可以通过更好地理解昆虫控制光技术。该提案提供了一个创新的计划，以探索昆虫cr虫的紫外线激活，包括快速测定法，以评估所有已知序列的Crys敏感性的最有害昆虫疾病媒介的紫外线敏感性，包括负责疟疾，登革热，黄发烧，西尼罗河，西尼罗病毒等的蚊子物种。其他哭泣序列将在不久的将来用于测试查加斯病和斑疹伤寒的昆虫载体。我们制定了一个坚实的计划，可以机械地确定紫外线激活哭泣的分子和电路生理学决定对紫外光的昆虫行为反应，包括，如果成功，如果成功的目标将为改善光线设备提供明确的指导，以改善Attrac并杀死更多有害昆虫。这些计划包括一个测试，蓝光预活化是否会放大哭泣对紫外线的生物学反应。我们的大多数计划都围绕使用LED作为紫外线光源。考虑到最终使用LED进行有害昆虫控制的最终现场应用，这是由于LED设备寿命的最新改善，时间控制和功率效率和低成本而进行的。该研究计划得到了所有目标的非常强大的初步数据的支持，因此具有很高的可能性，可以产生新颖的高影响结果。