Examining alcohol use: Integrating behavior genetic and developmental approaches

检查酒精使用情况：整合行为遗传和发育方法

• 批准号: 8836318
• 负责人: Arielle R. Deutsch
• 金额: $ 5.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8836318
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent and Young Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Applications Grants; Award; Behavioral Genetics; Biometry; Characteristics; Child Abuse; Child Abuse and Neglect; Data; Development; Discipline; Ecology; Educational workshop; Environment; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Research; Genome; Goals; Grant; Growth; Impulsivity; Individual; Influentials; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Mediating; Methodology; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Parents; Personality; Public Policy; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk; Risk Factors; Science; Shapes; Siblings; Social Environment; Staging; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Twin Multiple Birth; alcohol misuse; alcohol research; alcohol use initiation; base; developmental genetics; developmental psychology; drinking; drinking behavior; early childhood; experience; meetings; parental influence; peer; public health relevance; skills; social; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad goal of this project is to[ integrate developmental and behavioral genetic approaches for alcohol research, by examining ]how genes, individual contexts, and social environments influence alcohol use and misuse directly, and through interactions with each other, and how these relations change over adolescence and young adulthood. The primary aims of this grant proposal are to integrate behavioral genetic and developmental approaches to examine the ways in which predictors of alcohol use, as supported by previous behavioral genetic research, and social ecology and developmental cascade models, relate to alcohol use over age (adolescence and young adulthood) and stage of use (initiation to misuse), as well as how these relations change over time. Specifically, this grant proposes to examine how genes (latent additive effects[/polygenic risk scores]), social environments contexts (parents, peers, and neighborhood contexts), and personal contexts (impulsivity and child maltreatment/abuse) predict alcohol use and misuse over adolescence and young adulthood as direct effects and through interaction with each other.[ Using twin and sibling data, two biometric models (using different approaches, in order to expose the applicant to different ways of twin modeling), will be examined to test a conceptual model of how different social and personal contexts and genes relate to alcohol use directly, and through interaction with each other, a) over adolescence to young adulthood, and b) over initiation, regular use, and misuse of alcohol.] Effects of genes, social environments, and contexts characteristics at specific ages and stages of use will also be examined. Additionally, the effect of specific genes on initiation, regular use, and misuse of alcohol will be examined (directly and through interaction with the previously mentioned covariates) via polygenic risk scores. In other words, this project will examine: (a) if the importance of specific influences change over time (e.g., different ages), (b) if these influences predict changes in alcohol use over time, (c) if the importance of specific influences change over stages of alcohol use (e.g., initiation, misuse), and (d) if these influences predict changes in stage of alcohol use. During the award period, the applicant will be trained in latent growth curve modeling, advanced biometric models (i.e., latent growth curve and multivariate stage biometric models), [and gene-finding techniques such as polygenic risk scores using complete-genome information.] Additionally, she will obtain advanced training in the general science and methodology of alcohol and behavioral genetics research through formal courses, workshops, and didactic meetings with expert consultants. Results from this project will benefit the fields of behavioral genetics and developmental psychology by providing much-needed integration of approaches (a need underscored by experts in both fields). The results will be an important step towards building a more comprehensive and thorough model of how alcohol use develops over adolescence and young adulthood through various underlying mechanisms and external contexts.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的总体目标是[通过检查]基因、个人背景和社会环境如何直接影响酒精使用和滥用，并通过与每个因素的相互作用，整合酒精研究的发育和行为遗传学方法其他，以及这些关系在青春期和成年初期如何变化。该拨款提案的主要目的是整合行为遗传学和发育方法，以研究酒精使用的预测因素（由先前的行为遗传学研究以及社会生态学和发育级联模型支持）与年龄（青春期）饮酒的关系的方式。和青年期）和使用阶段（开始滥用），以及这些关系如何随着时间的推移而变化。具体来说，这笔赠款建议研究基因（潜在的累加效应[/多基因风险评分]）、社会环境背景（父母、同龄人和邻居背景）和个人背景（冲动和虐待儿童）如何预测酒精使用和滥用[通过使用双胞胎和兄弟姐妹数据，将检查和测试两个生物识别模型（使用不同的方法，以便让申请人接触双胞胎建模的不同方式）一个概念模型，说明不同的社会和个人背景以及基因如何直接与酒精使用相关，并通过彼此的相互作用，a）从青春期到成年早期，b）过度开始、经常使用和滥用酒精。]还将检查特定年龄和使用阶段的基因、社会环境和背景特征。此外，将通过多基因风险评分检查特定基因对开始、定期使用和滥用酒精的影响（直接并通过与前面提到的协变量的相互作用）。换句话说，该项目将检查：(a) 特定影响的重要性是否随时间变化（例如，不同年龄），(b) 这些影响是否预测酒精使用随时间的变化，(c) 特定影响的重要性是否随时间变化影响随酒精使用阶段的变化（例如，开始、滥用），以及（d）这些影响是否预测酒精使用阶段的变化。在奖励期间，申请人将接受潜在生长曲线建模、高级生物识别模型（即潜在生长曲线和多变量阶段生物识别模型）以及基因查找技术（例如使用全基因组信息的多基因风险评分）的培训。此外，她还将通过正式课程、研讨会和与专家顾问的教学会议，获得酒精和行为遗传学研究的一般科学和方法方面的高级培训。该项目的结果将通过提供急需的方法整合（这两个领域的专家都强调了这一需求）而使行为遗传学和发展心理学领域受益。这些结果将是朝着建立一个更全面、更彻底的模型迈出的重要一步，该模型可以通过各种潜在机制和外部环境来了解青春期和青年期酒精使用的发展情况。