Linking dynamic environments with childhood obesity

将动态环境与儿童肥胖联系起来

基本信息

批准号：
8902866
负责人：
Gina Schellenbaum Lovasi
金额：
$ 13.33万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-08-10 至 2016-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8902866
关键词：
Address Adopted Adult Age Ancillary Study Area Behavior Birth Characteristics Child Child Support Childhood Cities Cohort Studies Communities Complement Control Groups Cross-Sectional Studies Data Data Analyses Data Collection Data Sources Dietary Practices Educational workshop Elements Environment Epidemiology Equation Evaluation Exhibits Experimental Designs Family Family Study Food Genetic Geographic Information Systems Graph Growth Growth and Development function Health Health Food Health behavior Household Hybrids Income Individual Intervention Life Cycle Stages Life Style Link Literature Longitudinal Studies Low income Maps Measurement Measures Mentorship Modeling Nature Neighborhoods Obesity Overweight Parents Pattern Perception Physical activity Physical environment Process Randomized Reporting Research Research Design Research Training Residential Mobility Resources Risk Sample Size Schedule Shapes Single-Parent Family Site Social Environment Social Network Social support Source Specificity Stress System Testing Time Training Training Programs Transportation Weight base built environment cohort collaborative environment density design digital experience fitness food environment health disparity healthy weight improved obesity in children physical conditioning prevent programs prospective research study sedentary social symposium theories

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Proposed is a program of training and research using ongoing longitudinal studies to investigate the effects of dynamic environments on childhood obesity. Obesity and sedentary behavior are increasingly common threats to childhood health, likely reflecting changes to the physical activity opportunities, food environment, and social contexts experienced by children and their families. Characteristics of the built environment have been linked to health behaviors and weight of both children and adults, but the causal nature of the link is not clear. A key challenge is to distinguish between competing explanations for the observed associations: the effect of neighborhoods on individual physical activity and health versus the tendency for active and healthy individuals to select neighborhoods that support their lifestyle. The proposed research has the potential to corroborate or temper the conclusions of previous research on this topic. Whereas previous cross-sectional studies have largely assumed that residential environments are static, the proposed project will use data on residential mobility and dynamic environments to better establish the temporal sequence of purported environmental causes and health effects. Available social context measures will be leveraged to show how built environment associations compare to or interact with those of social context. I will select analytical approaches to take full advantage of these data and to assess competing causal hypotheses. I will analyze data on built environments, social context, physical activity, and weight from two longitudinal studies. The first is the Fragile Families Study of Childhood Wellbeing, a birth cohort study of 4,898 children in large US cities that oversampled single parent families and is currently collecting data at age 9. The second is the Healthy PLACES trial a natural experimental evaluation of a newly built Smart Growth development, with built environment characteristics expected to have beneficial effects on local social networks and physical activity from parent-child pairs. Analyses in these cohorts will address specific hypotheses focusing on the obesogenic effects of the built environment, social context, and their interaction. In addition to the use of longitudinal and natural experimental designs, I will explore a range of analytical strategies selected to test the causal nature of observed associations. In particular, I will examine sequencing, specificity, and selection through stratified analyses, structural equation modeling, latent trajectory analysis, directed acyclic graphs, propensity score matching, and instrumental variable analysis. The proposed research will be complemented by experiential and didactic training in (1) environmental approaches to decrease health disparities, (2) theory and measurement of social context and health, (3) trajectory analysis and lifecourse epidemiology, and (4) study designs and analytical approaches to inform causal inference. This research and training will enable me to launch a program of independent research on the urban built and social environments shaping childhood physical activity and health.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的是一项培训和研究计划，利用正在进行的纵向研究来调查动态环境对儿童肥胖的影响。肥胖和久坐行为日益成为儿童健康的常见威胁，可能反映了儿童及其家庭经历的体育活动机会、食物环境和社会环境的变化。建筑环境的特征与儿童和成人的健康行为和体重有关，但这种联系的因果性质尚不清楚。一个关键的挑战是区分对观察到的关联的相互竞争的解释：社区对个人身体活动和健康的影响与活跃和健康的个人选择支持其生活方式的社区的倾向。拟议的研究有可能证实或缓和先前有关该主题的研究的结论。尽管之前的横断面研究主要假设居住环境是静态的，但拟议的项目将使用居住流动性和动态环境的数据来更好地确定所谓的环境原因和健康影响的时间顺序。将利用可用的社会背景测量来显示建筑环境关联与社会背景的关联如何进行比较或相互作用。我将选择分析方法来充分利用这些数据并评估相互竞争的因果假设。我将分析两项纵向研究中有关建筑环境、社会背景、体育活动和体重的数据。第一个是“脆弱家庭儿童福祉研究”，这是一项针对美国大城市 4,898 名儿童的出生队列研究，对单亲家庭进行了过度抽样，目前正在收集 9 岁的数据。第二个是“健康场所”试验，这是一项对新儿童的自然实验评估。建立了智能增长开发项目，其建成的环境特征预计将对当地社交网络和亲子对的体育活动产生有益的影响。对这些队列的分析将提出具体的假设，重点关注建筑环境、社会背景及其相互作用的肥胖影响。除了使用纵向和自然实验设计之外，我还将探索一系列用于测试观察到的关联的因果性质的分析策略。特别是，我将通过分层分析、结构方程建模、潜在轨迹分析、有向无环图、倾向得分匹配和工具变量分析来检查排序、特异性和选择。拟议的研究将得到以下方面的体验和教学培训的补充：（1）减少健康差异的环境方法，（2）社会背景和健康的理论和测量，（3）轨迹分析和生命历程流行病学，（4）研究设计和为因果推理提供信息的分析方法。这项研究和培训将使我能够启动一项关于影响儿童体育活动和健康的城市建筑和社会环境的独立研究计划。