Minority Worker Training Program (MWTP)

少数民族工人培训计划（MWTP）

• 批准号: 8309868
• 负责人: Beverly L Wright
• 金额: $ 93.55万
• 依托单位: DILLARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8309868
• 关键词: 18 year old; Academia; Academic achievement; Address; Adult; Affect; African American; Air; American; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Businesses; Categories; Chemical Exposure; Chemicals; Cities; Collaborations; Color; Commerce; Communities; Community Developments; Complex; Computers; Continuing Education; Contractor; Counseling; Data; Decision Making; Deep South; Department of Energy; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Economically Deprived Population; Economics; Education and Outreach; Educational Curriculum; Educational workshop; Employment; Energy-Generating Resources; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollution; Exposure to; Five-Year Plans; Funding; Funding Agency; Goals; Government; Government Agencies; Hazardous Substances; Hazardous Waste; Hazardous Waste Sites; Health; Health education; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Human; Human Resources; Hurricane; Income; Individual; Industry; Injury; Institution; Investments; Journals; Latino; Left; Life; Link; Living Standards; Local Government; Louisiana; Low income; Marketing; Massachusetts; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Michigan; Minor; Minority; Mississippi; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Natural Disasters; Neighborhoods; Nervous system structure; Occupations; Oils; Participant; Pathway interactions; Petroleum; Policies; Pollution; Pollution Prevention; Population; Poverty; Price; Problem Solving; Process; Program Evaluation; Provider; Qualifying; Race; Readiness; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Religion and Spirituality; Reporting; Resources; Risk; Safety; Science; Scientist; Services; Site; Techniques; Technology; Thinking; Threshold Limit Values; Training; Training Programs; Training Technics; Training and Education; U-Series Cooperative Agreements; Underserved Population; Unemployment; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Universities; Work; Workplace; Writing; base; climate change; college; community organizations; computer science; design; environmental justice; fighting; health disparity; high school; improved; meetings; member; metropolitan; neurotoxic; outreach; programs; psychologic; remediation; safety education; skills; skills training; social; sound; superfund site; symposium; trend; urban area; wasting

An estimated one in four Americans lives within 3 miles of a hazardous waste site. More than 47,000 hazardous waste sites potentially requiring cleanup actions and has been placed on some of the most seriously contaminated sites on its National Priorities List (NPL). Through the end of fiscal year 2007, EPA had classified 1,569 sites as NPL sites (U.S. GAO 2008). In the 2007, the Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty report found people of color make up the majority (56%) of those living in neighborhoods within two miles of the nation's commercial hazardous waste facilities, nearly double the percentage in areas beyond two miles (30%). People of color make up a much larger (over two-thirds) majority (69%) in neighborhoods with clustered facilities (Bullard et al. 2007). Between 70,000 to 80,000 chemicals are on the commercial market and hence in the environment with nearly six trillion pounds produced annually in the United States. Every year 1000 - 2000 new chemicals enter the market and consequently the environment (Kreisel, 1998). Neurotoxic chemicals are significant contributors to human health problems that result from environmental and work place chemical exposure (Donkin and Williams, 2000). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reports that exposure to neurotoxic chemicals is one of the 10 leading causes of work-related disease and injury and that over 25% of the chemicals for which the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established threshold limit values (TLV) have demonstrated nervous system effects. Abandoned waste sites dot the urban landscape and pose elevated health risks to low-income and minority populations (Bullard 2000; Bullard et al. 2007). A 2005 Associated Press study found African Americans are 79 percent more likely than whites to live in neighborhoods where industrial pollution is suspected of posing the greatest health danger (Pace 2005). Using EPA's own data and government scientists, the AP found blacks in 19 states and Latinos in 12 states were more than twice as likely as whites to live in neighborhoods where pollution poses the greatest health danger. The EPA report. Cleaning Up the Nation's Waste Sites: Markets and Technology Trends 2004 Edition (U.S. EPA 2004), found more than 77,000 sites contaminated with hazardous waste and petroleum products, with up to 9,267 more discovered each year. By 2039, as many as 355,000 hazardous waste sites in the U.S. could require cleanup. Additionally, in its 2008-2012 Five Year Plan, the Department of Energy (DOE) estimates completing cleanup of 100 contaminated sites by 2025. Under current regulatory requirements and practices, an estimated 294,000 sites (range 235,000 - 355,000) in the seven market segments will need to be cleaned up. This estimate does not include sites where cleanup is completed or ongoing. More than 90 percent of these sites are in programs that tend to have relatively smaller, less-complex cleanup projects, such as the underground storage tank (UST) program (125,000 sites) and state voluntary and mandatory cleanup programs (150,000). In November 2009, Forbes Magazine ranked the Atlanta and Detroit Metropolitan areas as the first and second "worst polluted" cities on four measures: the number of superfund sites, the number of facilities reporting toxic releases, total pounds of toxic releases and a ranking based on the number of days in 2007 that overall air quality was at unhealthy levels (Levy 2009). The consortium training is designed to meet emerging threats and opportunities posed by challenges associated with changing climate, alternative energy sources, and rapidly penetrating new materials and technologies into global commerce. Increased concern surrounding climate change has increased our concern about more natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina, which resulted in 6-8 million gallons of petroleum released onto grounds and waterways from four major oil spills and 134 minor spills. This alone places New Orleans in the category of a heavily polluted major city. The consortium training focuses on legacy clean-up of hazardous wastes as well as training for the new "green" and clean-energy economy. New waste cleanup approaches focus on green assessment, green remediation and green construction. The clean-energy economy is projected to create new 'pathways out of poverty' for the 78 million people in the U.S. (roughly 25 percent of the population) who are presently poor or near-poor, and raise living standards more generally for low-income people in the United States. According to the University of Massachusetts, Green Prosperity: How Clean Energy Policies Can Fight Poverty and Raise Living Standards in the United States report, investment in "green jobs" in a clean-energy economy, including weatherization, would produce 31,658 jobs, over 17,000 for metro Atlanta workers with high school degrees or less, and cut unemployment by over one percentage point (Pollin, Wicks-Lim, and Garnett-Peltier 2009). In 2009, more than $78.72 billion were allocated to clean energy and weatherization under the Recovery Act. Of this total, $50.7 million was allocated to Louisiana, $248 million in Georgia, $49.4 million in Mississippi, and $243 million in Michigan. The overall goal of the Weatherization Assistance Program is to reduce the burden of energy prices on the disadvantaged. In the Atlanta metropolitan area, homeowners and renters could save about 2 percent of their income by investing in retrofits. With most of the green jobs emerging in the construction sector, it is imperative that we systematically target training for low-income underserved populations or they will once again be left behind. In Atlanta, construction jobs are expected to increase by 15 percent for the city and 52 percent for the metro area by the year 2014. In 2007, while most of the region was declining in the number of building permits issued, the city of Atlanta had a 12 percent increase, revealing a continuous demand for skilled construction workers. In the Detroit metropolitan area, investment in a clean energy economy would produce 23,880 new jobs overall, with 11,312 jobs for workers with high school degrees or less. In the New Orleans metropolitan area, investment in a clean energy economy would produce 6,629 jobs, over 3,700 for workers with high school degrees or less, and cut unemployment by over one percentage point. As hazardous waste cleanup expands and intensifies, millions of individuals will spend a portion of their working lives in the hazardous waste cleanup process. Low-income and minority individuals with limited exposure to the world of work may lack the "soft skills" needed to get a job, stay employed, and advance. Minority and low-income communities have been disproportionately affected by environmental contamination. Although the environmental remediation industry is growing, few construction or environmental training has been targeted to community residents from these impacted communities. Without a focused effort to provide training to residents that live near these hazardous waste sites, there is little likelihood that minority workers will receive economic benefits from employment in the construction or environmental industry, thereby, perpetuating the lack of community involvement and participation in the clean-up and revitalization of urban areas. The documented needs, the history of successful collaboration among the members to develop/revise and evaluate curricula and establish policies to facilitate worker training, and the need for a sustained funding sources are the basis for this proposal. The consortium goes beyond the traditional approach to providing environmental health and safety training and will include: (1) basic skills training to address lack of basic academic skills, problem solving skills, and other employability skills such as "writing, critical thinking, decision-making, team-building, and life skills; (2) pre-apprenticeship training in the area of basic construction skills and environmental remediation training; (3) environmental awareness training; and, (4) community building. The consortium is becoming recognized as a resource in its geographical area. Continued NIEHS funding will provide a stable base to assure that core consortium personnel are available for outreach and the coordination of a cadre of personnel for program delivery.

估计有四分之一的美国人居住在危险废物遗址的3英里范围内。超过47,000 有害废物站点可能需要清理措施，并已被置于一些最认真的 在其国家优先级列表（NPL）上受污染的站点。到2007财政年度结束，EPA拥有 将1,569个站点分类为NPL站点（U.S. GAO 2008）。在2007年，有毒废物和种族二十个报告 发现有色人种占居住在附近两英里以内社区的大多数（56％） 国家的商业危险废物设施，几乎是两英里以上（30％）的地区的百分比两倍。 有色人种在群集中占多数（超过三分之二）（超过三分之二）（69％） 设施（Bullard等，2007）。 在商业市场上有70,000至80,000种化学品，因此在环境中 每年在美国每年生产近6亿磅。每年1000-2000新化学品进入 市场，因此环境（Kreisel，1998）。神经毒性化学物质很重要 由环境和工作场所引起的人类健康问题的贡献者化学暴露 （Donkin和Williams，2000年）。美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）报告说 暴露于神经毒性化学物质是与工作有关的疾病和伤害的10个主要原因之一，也是 美国政府工业卫生学家会议（ACGIH）的25％以上的化学药品 已经建立了阈值极限值（TLV）已显示出神经系统的影响。 废弃的废物地点点了城市景观，并向低收入和少数派带来了升高的健康风险 人口（Bullard 2000； Bullard等，2007）。 2005年美联社的一项研究发现，非裔美国人是 居住在怀疑工业污染的社区的可能性比白人高79％ 最大的健康危险（PACE 2005）。美联社使用EPA自己的数据和政府科学家，发现了黑人 在19个州和拉丁美洲人的12个州，白人居住在附近的可能性是白人的两倍以上 污染构成最大的健康危险。 EPA报告。清理国家的废物网站：市场和技术趋势2004版 （美国EPA 2004），发现了77,000多个被危险废物和石油产品污染的地点， 每年最多发现9,267个。到2039年，美国多达355,000个危险废物站点 可能需要清理。此外，在2008 - 2012年的五年计划中，能源部（DOE） 到2025年，估计完成100个污染地点的清理。 根据当前的监管要求和实践，估计有294,000个站点（范围235,000- 355,000）将需要清理七个市场细分市场。此估计不包括位置 清理已完成或正在进行。这些站点中有90％以上是在往往具有的计划中 相对较小的复杂清理项目，例如地下储罐（UST）计划 （125,000个地点）以及州自愿和强制性清理计划（150,000）。 2009年11月，《福布斯》杂志将亚特兰大和底特律都会区排名为第一个 以及第二个“最严重的污染”城市四个措施：超级基金站点的数量，设施数量 报告有毒释放，总数的有毒释放和基于2007年的天数的排名 整体空气质量处于不健康水平（Levy 2009）。 该财团培训旨在应对挑战带来的新兴威胁和机会 与气候变化，替代能源以及快速穿透新材料以及 进入全球商业的技术。越来越关注气候变化的关心增加了我们的关注 关于更多自然灾害，例如卡特里娜飓风，导致了6-8百万加仑石油 从四个主要的石油泄漏和134个小溢出物中释放到地面和水道上。一个人将新的 奥尔良属于严重污染的主要城市。 财团培训重点是清理危险废物的遗产以及新的培训 “绿色”和清洁能源经济。新的废物清理方法集中于绿色评估，绿色 修复和绿色结构。预计清洁能源经济将创造出新的'途径 贫困'对于目前贫困或 近对着，更普遍地提高了美国低收入人士的生活水平。根据 马萨诸塞大学绿色繁荣：清洁能源政策如何抵抗贫困和养育 美国的生活水平报告，在清洁能源经济中投资“绿色工作”，包括 气候化将为拥有高中学位或 减少了一个百分点以上的失业率（Pollin，Wicks-Lim和Garnett-Peltier 2009）。 2009年，将超过787.2亿美元分配给了清洁能源和气候 恢复法。在这一总计中，有5070万美元分配给路易斯安那州，乔治亚州2.48亿美元，4,940万美元 密西西比州，密歇根州的2.43亿美元。气候援助计划的总体目标是 减轻处境不利的能源价格负担。 在亚特兰大都会区，房主和租房者可以节省其收入的2％ 通过投资改造。随着建筑领域中大多数绿色工作的出现，必须 我们系统地针对低收入服务不足的人群的培训，否则他们将再次留下 在后面。在亚特兰大，该市的建筑工作预计将增加15％，52％ 到2014年，都会区。2007年，该地区的大多数建筑许可证数量正在下降 亚特兰大市发行了12％的增长，揭示了对熟练建筑的持续需求 工人。 在底特律大都市地区，清洁能源经济的投资将产生23,880个新的新 总体而言，高中学位或更低的工人有11,312个工作岗位。在新奥尔良大都会 面积，清洁能源经济的投资将为高中的工人提供6,629个工作岗位，超过3,700 学位或更少，将失业率降低了一个百分点以上。 随着危险废物清理的扩大和加剧，数百万个人将花费一部分 在危险的废物清理过程中工作。低收入和有限的少数民族个人 接触工作世界可能缺乏找到工作，保持工作和晋升所需的“软技能”。 少数民族和低收入社区受环境的影响不成比例 污染。尽管环境修复行业正在增长，但建筑几乎没有 环境培训已针对这些受影响社区的社区居民。没有 为居住在这些危险废物站点附近的居民提供培训的重点努力，几乎没有 少数派工作者将从建设中就业获得经济利益的可能性或 环保行业，从而使缺乏社区参与和参与的延续 清理和振兴城市地区。 有记录的需求，成员之间成功合作的历史 并评估课程并制定政策以促进工人培训，并需要持续资金 来源是该提议的基础。该财团超越了传统的方法 环境健康和安全培训，将包括：（1）基本技能培训以解决缺乏基本的 学术技能，解决问题技能和其他就业能力，例如“写作，批判性思维， 决策，团队建设和生活技能； （2）基本建筑领域的批准前培训 技能和环境补救培训； （3）环境意识培训；和（4）社区 建筑。 该财团已被公认为其地理区域的资源。继续 资金将提供一个稳定的基础，以确保可供宣传的核心财团人员和 协调一组人员进行计划交付。