A hierarchy of timescales for switching between states of neural activity during consumption decisions

用于在消费决策期间在神经活动状态之间切换的时间尺度层次结构

基本信息

批准号：
10058284
负责人：
Donald B Katz
金额：
$ 32.13万
依托单位：
BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-12-15 至 2022-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10058284
关键词：
Address Animal Behavior Animals Area Attention Automobile Driving Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Assay Brain Childhood Choice Behavior Clinical Complement Computer Simulation Consumption Coupled Data Decision Analysis Decision Making Development Electrophysiology (science)Food Functional disorder Individual Investigation Learning Modality Modeling Motor Neurons Nature Neurons Obesity Output Palate Perception Performance Process Property Research Research Personnel Sampling Schizophrenia Sensory Site Source Stimulus Taste Disorders Taste Perception Techniques Testing Time Training Update Variant Visual Work addiction base behavior change behavioral response chemotherapy executive function expectation experimental study feeding hedonic improved in vivo insight millisecond neural circuit novel optogenetics parallel processing relating to nervous system response statistics

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY The investigators will combine experimental studies with computational simulations to uncover the neural circuit mechanisms underlying taste choice behavior. A fundamental question to be addressed is how the neural activity induced by a given taste is impacted by the recent sampling of another taste and/or by the expectation that another taste is forthcoming. We will analyse data produced from ensemble recordings of neural activity and make use of optogenetic techniques that alter neural activity, to further our work on how specific features of such activity impact behavior during a decision making task. These data will provide fuel to our modeling efforts, with which we will produce a framework that can generalize to other sensory modalities, whenever decisions are based on a consideration of one stimulus at a time (even if two stimuli are present) rather than on a parallel processing of two or more stimuli simultaneously—that is, this novel framework will allow us to understand the behavior of animals when faced with a choice between any two separate stimuli. Thus, a transformative aspect of the research will be the development of a new framework for the analysis of decision-making when the choice to be made is whether to stick with the current stimulus or to switch to another. In such decision making tasks, which are ubiquitous in natural settings, the stimulus itself is chosen by the subject rather than being controled by the experimenter. Our recordings of the animal's behavior simultaneously with its neural activity allow us to tightly constrain these first dynamic models of such a process. Taste is an important, albeit underused, modality for addressing issues of sensory processing, in that it has a strong connection to behavior—indeed it is well-nigh impossible for an animal to sample a taste without a behavioral response. Moreover, given that tastants can be intrinisically hedonic or aversive, animals are internally driven to make responses and will do so without the months of training—which inevitably rewires the brain—required for animal training in behavioral tasks based on other sensory modalities. Therefore taste is ideally suited to the study of naturalistic decision making.

项目概要研究人员将实验研究与计算模拟相结合，以揭示味觉选择行为背后的神经回路机制是一个基本问题。解决的是给定味道的神经诱导活动如何受到最近的影响尝试另一种口味和/或期望另一种口味即将到来。分析神经活动整体记录产生的数据并利用改变神经活动的光遗传学技术，以进一步研究神经元的具体特征如何此类活动会影响决策任务期间的行为。这些数据将为我们提供动力。建模，通过它我们将努力建立一个可以推广到其他感官的框架模式，只要决策是基于一次考虑一种刺激（即使存在两个刺激）而不是并行处理两个或多个刺激同时，也就是说，这个新颖的框架将使我们能够理解动物在面临任意两种独立刺激之间的选择时。因此，该研究的一个变革性方面将是开发一个新的框架当选择是否坚持当前时的决策分析在这样的决策任务中，这在自然界中是普遍存在的。设置中，刺激本身是由主体选择的，而不是由主体控制的我们对动物行为及其神经活动的同时记录。让我们能够严格限制此类过程的第一个动态模型。味觉是解决感官处理问题的一种重要方式，尽管尚未得到充分利用，因为它与行为有很强的联系——事实上，动物几乎不可能此外，鉴于促味剂可能是本质上的，因此可以在没有行为反应的情况下品尝味道。无论是享乐型还是厌恶型，动物都会受到内在驱动而做出反应，并且会在没有其他因素的情况下做出反应。动物行为训练需要数月的训练，这不可避免地会重新连接大脑基于其他感官方式的任务因此味觉非常适合研究。自然主义决策。