Reward System Responses to Food Aromas: Effects of Obesity and Alcohol Intake

奖励系统对食物香气的反应：肥胖和酒精摄入的影响

• 批准号: 8103895
• 负责人: Robert V Considine
• 金额: $ 40.63万
• 依托单位: INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8103895
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Amygdaloid structure; Area; Behavior; Behavioral Mechanisms; Behavioral inhibition; Body fat; Brain; Brain imaging; Calories; Cardiovascular Diseases; Circadian Rhythms; Consumption; Cues; Data; Desire for food; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Disinhibition; Eating; Eating Behavior; Energy Intake; Exposure to; Fasting; Food; Food deprivation (experimental); Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Hunger; Hyperphagia; Image; Imaging Techniques; Incentives; Individual; Ingestion; Insula of Reil; Intake; Malignant Neoplasms; Medial; Motivation; Obesity; Odors; Placebos; Process; Property; Public Health; Research; Rewards; Risk; Satiation; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Smell Perception; Stimulus; Study Subject; System; Testing; Woman; Work; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; analog; blood oxygen level dependent; brain pathway; design; drinking; experience; feeding; food flavor; frontal lobe; hedonic; increased appetite; insight; loss of control over eating; neuroimaging; novel; problem drinker; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; restraint

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Food aromas are powerful appetitive cues that are intrinsic to foods' flavor and hedonic qualities, and such cues can facilitate overeating. Alcohol consumption similarly "primes" appetite, and contributes to overeating while under alcohol's acute effects. While neuroimaging of chemosensory brain networks is a major field of inquiry, testing how such sensory cues are differentially processed in lean and obese subjects has only recently begun. Further, there are no studies of how alcohol exposure alters the brain response to food odors, or how its disinhibiting qualities could facilitate overeating. Knowing the brain loci that respond to such appetitive stimuli, and how they are modified by body fat and alcohol exposure, will provide critical insights about the neural systems that underlie loss of control of eating. Our preliminary data suggest that when smelling food odors, obese subjects show a greater blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response than lean subjects in the insula and hippocampus. Therefore, the main hypotheses of this proposal are that: A) Lean and obese subjects have different limbic responses to the olfactory cues that enhance motivation to eat, and B) Acute alcohol intoxication i) potentiates the brain's reward system response to food odors, and ii) affects brain systems involved in behavioral inhibition and eating restraint. To test these hypotheses, we have modified functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms successfully used to study alcoholic drink aromas in subjects at risk for alcoholism and in ongoing work of inhibitory control under alcohol exposure. Our specific aims are to: 1) Determine the effect of adiposity on food aroma-induced responses of specific limbic-frontal (orbitofrontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and insula) areas, 2) Examine the relationships between caloric intake and food aroma-induced responses, and 3) Study the "apiritif" effect on the response to food odors. The studies in this proposal are particularly novel because, unlike prior neuroimaging research of obesity or food-cue responsiveness, we will relate the reward system response to food cues to real world conditions, including: 1) Subjects' eating behavior at realistic meal intervals that do not disrupt or interfere with circadian rhythms, 2) The effect of a meaningful reduction in calories on brain responses to food cues (as would be experienced under dieting conditions), and 3) The effect of alcohol as consumed before meals on the brain response to food cues, inhibition, and eating behavior. To accomplish these aims we will also use food aromas, which are particularly salient stimuli that convey a more immediate presence of reward than do food images. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Obesity is a significant public health problem associated with development of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Studies in this application will use brain imaging techniques to: 1) clarify how food aromas activate reward systems in the brain to promote food intake, and differences in these responses between lean and obese women, 2) determine the brain pathways and behavioral mechanisms through which alcohol intoxication facilitates overeating.

描述（由申请人提供）：食品香气是强大的食欲线索，对食品的风味和享乐品质固有，这种提示可以促进暴饮暴食。酒精消耗类似地“素质”食欲，并在酒精急性影响下导致暴饮暴食。虽然化学感应大脑网络的神经影像学是一个主要的询问领域，但测试了这种感觉线索如何在瘦肉和肥胖受试者中差异化处理。此外，没有研究酒精暴露如何改变大脑对食物气味的反应，或者其抑制质量如何促进暴饮暴食。了解对这种食欲刺激的反应的大脑基因座，以及如何通过体内脂肪和酒精暴露来修饰它们，将提供有关神经系统无法控制饮食的神经系统的关键见解。我们的初步数据表明，闻到食物的气味时，肥胖受试者比岛岛和海马中的瘦肉受试者显示出更大的血液氧气依赖性（粗体）反应。因此，该提案的主要假设是：a）瘦肉和肥胖的受试者对增强进食动机的嗅觉提示具有不同的边缘反应，而b）急性酒精中毒i）增强大脑对食物异味的奖励系统的反应，以及II）影响了涉及行为抑制和饮食约束的大脑系统。为了检验这些假设，我们已经成功地使用了用于研究酒精中毒风险的受试者和在酒精暴露下进行抑制性控制的受试者中的酒精饮料香气成功地用于研究酒精饮料香气。我们的具体目的是：1）确定肥胖对食物香气引起的特定边缘额叶（眶额皮层，内侧额叶皮层，杏仁核，海马和岛群）区域的反应的影响，2）检查热量摄入和食物芳香诱导的反应之间对食物的影响，并研究了对食物的影响。 The studies in this proposal are particularly novel because, unlike prior neuroimaging research of obesity or food-cue responsiveness, we will relate the reward system response to food cues to real world conditions, including: 1) Subjects' eating behavior at realistic meal intervals that do not disrupt or interfere with circadian rhythms, 2) The effect of a meaningful reduction in calories on brain responses to food cues (as would be experienced under dieting conditions), and 3) The effect在大脑对食物提示，抑制和饮食行为的反应前食用的酒精。为了实现这些目标，我们还将使用食物香气，这特别是显着的刺激，比食品图像传达了更直接的奖励。 公共卫生相关性：肥胖是与心血管疾病，糖尿病和癌症发展有关的重大公共卫生问题。该应用中的研究将使用脑成像技术来：1）澄清食物香气如何激活大脑中的奖励系统以促进食物摄入量，以及瘦和肥胖女性之间这些反应的差异，2）确定酒精中毒促进暴饮暴食的脑途径和行为机制。