Multisensory Integration and Temporal Synchrony in Autism

自闭症的多感觉整合和时间同步

• 批准号: 7990393
• 负责人: Elizabeth Gayle Smith
• 金额: $ 2.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-12-01 至 2011-07-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7990393
• 关键词: Affect; Attenuated; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Child; Communication; Control Groups; Cues; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Early treatment; Environment; Etiology; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Face; Human; Individual; Investigation; Language; Learning; Measures; Methods; Nature; Participant; Perception; Persons; Plastics; Play; Process; Psychophysiology; Reaction Time; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Rubber; Sensory; Source; Speech; Speech Discrimination; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Stream; Testing; Time; Variant; Vision; Visual; Work; attenuation; auditory stimulus; design; intervention program; millisecond; multisensory; relating to nervous system; social; sound; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Individuals with autism frequently show difficulty integrating information from multiple sources into coherent representations of the world around them. This perceptual deficit may be especially harmful during early development, when much of what is learned about language and communication involves integration of auditory and visual information from other humans' speech and behaviors. A crucial aspect of multisensory integration in typical individuals is the ability to perceive and utilize temporal synchrony cues to locate and identify multisensory objects. While previous work strongly suggests that temporal synchrony detection is altered in individuals with autism, the impact of such a deficit on multisensory integration remains to be studied. This Study will investigate the relationship between temporal synchrony detection and multisensory integration in children with autism and well-matched controls by measuring the contribution of temporal synchrony detection to the localization, identification, and neural processing of multisensory speech and non-social objects. Localization and identification will be measured with a time-window-of-integration paradigm, which involves altering the synchrony of auditory and visual displays and testing whether participants are able to utilize the asynchronous display to enhance perception. Neural processing of temporal synchrony will be investigated by measuring changes in event related potentials (ERP), one of the most temporally sensitive measures of neural activity, during small changes in asynchrony. This project will test the hypothesis that individuals with autism are less sensitive to temporal asynchrony in basic multisensory integration tasks compared to controls, and that this group difference will be evident with both speech and nonsocial (i.e., object) stimuli. This project will further test this hypothesis of atypical temporal synchrony detection during an ERP task. The temporal resolution afforded by ERP methods as well as the decreased attentional requirements of the ERP paradigm (i.e.. Mismatch Negativity), will provide the most sensitive test of basic neural deficits in temporal processing in autism. The proposed studies will test the general hypothesis that individuals with autism show problems integrating visual and auditory information due to deficits in processing temporal cues. This investigation of the nature of temporal processing deficits will provide clues to the etiology of communication deficits in autism, and will indicate the degree to which temporal processing and multisensory integration ought to be foci of early intervention programs.

描述（由申请人提供）：自闭症患者经常表现出难以将来自多个来源的信息整合到周围世界的连贯表示中。在早期发展期间，这种知觉赤字可能尤其有害，当时关于语言和沟通的许多知识涉及从其他人类的言语和行为中整合听觉和视觉信息。典型个体中多感官集成的一个关键方面是能够感知和利用时间同步线索来定位和识别多感官对象。尽管以前的工作强烈表明自闭症患者的时间同步检测发生了改变，但这种赤字对多感觉整合的影响仍有待研究。 这项研究将通过测量时间同步检测对多体性语音和非社会对象的定位，识别和神经处理的贡献，研究具有自闭症和良好匹配控制儿童的时间同步检测与多感觉整合之间的关系。将通过融合时间范围范式来测量本地化和识别，该范式涉及更改听觉和视觉显示的同步，并测试参与者是否能够利用异步显示以增强感知。在异步性的小变化期间，将研究时间同步的神经处理（ERP）的神经加工，即事件相关电位的变化（ERP），这是神经活动的最敏感量度之一。该项目将检验以下假设：自闭症患者与对照组相比，基本多感官整合任务中对时间异步的敏感性不太敏感，并且对于语音和非社交（即对象）刺激，该组差异将显而易见。该项目将进一步检验ERP任务期间非典型时间同步检测的假设。 ERP方法提供的时间分辨率以及ERP范式的注意力需求减少（即，不匹配的负性）将提供自闭症时间处理中基本神经缺陷的最敏感测试。 拟议的研究将检验一个普遍的假设，即自闭症患者由于处理时间提示缺陷而导致的视觉和听觉信息会出现问题。对时间处理缺陷的性质的调查将为自闭症中沟通缺陷的病因提供线索，并表明时间处理和多感官整合应该成为早期干预计划的焦点。