The Remapping of Visual-Perceptual Space by Saccadic Adaptation

通过扫视适应重新映射视觉感知空间

• 批准号: 7897486
• 负责人: Marc Pomplun
• 金额: $ 13.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7897486
• 关键词: Address; Aging; Area; Attention; Behavior; Cereals; Computers; Conscious; Dissociation; Eye Movements; Feedback; Growth; Illusions; Individual; Judgment; Length; Life; Link; Location; Maps; Measures; Methods; Motion Perception; Motor; Neurons; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual distortions; Performance; Positioning Attribute; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Retina; Saccades; Sensory; Smooth Pursuit; Space Perception; Speed; Stimulus; Structure; System; Techniques; Update; Vision; Visual; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; base; grasp; haptics; insight; neurophysiology; novel; prism glass; public health relevance; research study; response; sample fixation; vector; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The visual-perceptual space is our internal representation of the visual world around us. In order to be useful to our behavior, it must be continually updated in response to sensory input by mapping input from the retinas onto the relevant locations in perceptual space. This mapping needs to remain accurate throughout life despite physical changes such as growth and aging and possibly even damage to parts of the visual system. Consequently, there must be mechanisms that recalibrate this mapping. In fact, it was found that when observers' vision is artificially distorted, for example, through prism glasses, subjects quickly return to almost their previous level of performance in an object grasping task if they receive both visual and haptic feedback. Recently, our lab demonstrated a different mechanism of remapping visual-perceptual space by means of a novel technique of continuous adaptation of saccadic eye movements across amplitudes and directions. In a preliminary study, we showed that after reducing the amplitude of either the horizontal or vertical component of participants' saccadic eye movements across many saccadic vectors, perceptual judgments about the relative lengths of the bars in a persistent "cross figure" are distorted, even during fixation. Consequently, it appears that adjustments to the motor areas involved in planning or executing volitional saccades are accompanied by changes to spatial perception, suggesting that the two systems possibly utilize the same neuronal areas to establish their representation of visual space. The proposed project is aimed at performing a fine-grained analysis of the observed effect and utilizing it to introduce another novel research paradigm. Specifically, one of our experiments will study the contribution of covert shifts of attention and eye movements on subjects' perception after whole-field, anisotropic saccadic adaptation. This effort is aimed at establishing a theoretical framework of the perceptual adaptation effects. Another experiment is aimed at gaining a more detailed view of the geometry of the remapping of perceptual space and how it relates to the geometry of saccadic adaptation. For this purpose, the patterns of induced anisotropic saccadic adaptation will not only include vertical and horizontal adaptation, but also diagonal adaptation. Most importantly, a more detailed method of perceptual judgment will be applied. Subjects will adjust the position of the corners of a random polygon in order to turn it into a regular polygon, that is, a polygon with identical angles and edge lengths. Finally, a third experiment will study motion perception in distorted visual-perceptual space. In particular, it will examine possible changes in the relationship between perceived speed and the velocity of smooth pursuit eye movements due to the remapping of perceptual space. Comparing the effects of the adaptation method on these two variables will add valuable evidence to the current debate about the neurophysiological dissociation between perception and action in vision. Moreover, this experiment will introduce motion perception in distorted perceptual space as a novel research paradigm that addresses not only the link between distance and motion perception, but also the larger theoretical issue of perception- versus-action in vision. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed study will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the plasticity of our visual-perceptual space, that is, our everyday visual perception. A novel, computer-based technique promises to provide insight into these mechanisms from a new perspective.

描述（由申请人提供）：视觉感知空间是我们对周围视觉世界的内部表征。为了对我们的行为有用，它必须通过将来自视网膜的输入映射到感知空间中的相关位置来不断更新以响应感官输入。尽管生长和衰老等物理变化，甚至视觉系统的某些部分可能受到损害，但这种映射需要在整个生命过程中保持准确。因此，必须有重新校准这种映射的机制。事实上，人们发现，当观察者的视觉被人为扭曲时，例如通过棱镜眼镜，如果受试者同时收到视觉和触觉反馈，他们很快就会恢复到几乎之前在物体抓取任务中的表现水平。最近，我们的实验室展示了一种通过跨幅度和方向连续适应扫视眼球运动的新技术来重新映射视觉感知空间的不同机制。在一项初步研究中，我们表明，在减少参与者在许多扫视向量上扫视眼球运动的水平或垂直分量的幅度后，对持续“十字形”中的条形相对长度的感知判断会被扭曲，甚至固定期间。因此，对参与计划或执行意志扫视的运动区域的调整似乎伴随着空间知觉的变化，这表明这两个系统可能利用相同的神经元区域来建立它们的视觉空间表示。拟议的项目旨在对观察到的效果进行细粒度分析，并利用它引入另一种新颖的研究范式。 具体来说，我们的一项实验将研究在全场、各向异性扫视适应后，注意力和眼球运动的隐蔽转移对受试者感知的贡献。这项工作旨在建立感知适应效应的理论框架。另一个实验旨在更详细地了解感知空间重新映射的几何结构以及它与扫视适应几何结构的关系。为此，诱导的各向异性扫视适应的模式不仅包括垂直和水平适应，还包括对角线适应。最重要的是，将应用更详细的感知判断方法。受试者将调整随机多边形的角的位置，以将其变成正多边形，即具有相同角度和边长的多边形。最后，第三个实验将研究扭曲的视觉感知空间中的运动感知。特别是，它将检查由于感知空间的重新映射而导致的感知速度和平滑追踪眼球运动的速度之间的关系可能发生的变化。比较适应方法对这两个变量的影响将为当前关于视觉感知和行动之间的神经生理学分离的争论添加有价值的证据。此外，该实验将引入扭曲感知空间中的运动感知作为一种新颖的研究范式，不仅解决距离和运动感知之间的联系，而且解决视觉中感知与行动的更大理论问题。 公共健康相关性：拟议的研究将增强我们对视觉感知空间（即我们日常视觉感知）可塑性背后机制的理解。一种新颖的基于计算机的技术有望从新的角度深入了解这些机制。