The Impact of Adaptation on Successful Implementation

适应对成功实施的影响

• 批准号: 7433474
• 负责人: William B. Hansen
• 金额: $ 55.08万
• 依托单位: TANGLEWOOD RESEARCH, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7433474
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Applications Grants; Attention; Benign; Caring; Client; Communities; Community Services; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Development; Drug usage; Education; Effectiveness; Evidence based program; Follow-Up Studies; Funding; Goals; Illicit Drugs; Inhalant dose form; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Marijuana; Marketing; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Modification; Outcome; Policies; Preparation; Prevention; Prevention Research; Prevention program; Program Effectiveness; Puerto Rico; Randomized Controlled Trials; Registries; Research; Research Design; Research Project Grants; Sampling; Schools; Site; Students; Surveys; Testing; Tobacco; Training; United States Virgin Islands; Videotape; Work; Writing; abstracting; adolescent drug use; base; contextual factors; design; dissemination research; drug abuse prevention; effectiveness research; efficacy research; experience; improved; meetings; programs; prospective; therapy design; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Impact of Adaptation on Successful Implementation Abstract During the period encompassed by the 1980s and 1990s, the focus on drug abuse prevention research was to identify components of intervention that could be demonstrated to be efficacious in deterring the onset of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants, and other forms of drug use. During this period, the question asked evolved from "Can prevention work?" to become "What can make programs more efficacious through how programs are designed?" With the advent of the US Department of Education's Principles of Effectiveness and the establishment of SAMHSA's National Registry of Effective Programs and Practices (NREPP) and a corresponding shift in policy that promoted funding for evidence-based programs in schools and community groups, there has been a noticeable shift away from research to demonstrate efficacy. The goal of the proposed research is to understand how implementers adapt All Stars, a research-based program that has been adopted by more than 250 schools and community service agencies in 48 states, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. The overall goal of this research is to answer three questions in sequence: (1) to what extent and why do All Stars' implementers modify the program as written? (2) How do modifications affect targeted mediators and outcome variables? (3) Does an intervention designed to promote positive modifications improve outcomes? The current project will address questions (1) and (2) in preparation for a subsequent grant application that will be devoted to addressing question (3). Two sub-studies will be conducted. The goal of Sub-Study 1 is to define how and why implementers modify All Stars when it is implemented. Both planned and unplanned modifications will be examined by reviewing videotapes collected from a previous research project as well as by conducting surveys, observations, and interviews with prospective implementers. Adaptations will be documented and the rationale for these modifications explored. Sub-Study 1 will result in the development of data collection tools that will be used in Sub-Study 2. The goal of Sub-Study 2 will be to collect extensive data about adaptation from a large number of dissemination sites} clients already using All Stars } to determine the degree to which various types of adaptations either augment, have a neutral effect, or diminish the effectiveness of the program in terms of changing mediating variables targeted by the program and adolescents' drug use. Results will be used in a follow-up study in which strategies for developing programming to promote positive adaptation and to meet implementers' needs will be developed and tested in a randomized control trial. Project Narrative Drug use, including the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants, and illicit drugs continues to be a problem throughout the nation. Numerous research-based prevention programs are now disseminated throughout the country. This project will examine how schools and community service agencies that have adopted one drug use prevention program, All Stars, implement the program to students, how and why they make adaptations to the program, and what effect making adaptations has on successfully achieving the program's goals.

说明（由申请人提供）：适应对成功实施的影响 摘要 在 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代期间，药物滥用预防研究的重点是确定干预措施的组成部分，这些组成部分可被证明可有效阻止药物滥用的发生。酒精、烟草、大麻、吸入剂和其他形式的药物使用。在此期间，提出的问题从“预防能起作用吗？”演变而来。成为“如何通过程序的设计方式使程序更加有效？”随着美国教育部《有效性原则》的出台和 SAMHSA 国家有效计划和实践登记处 (NREPP) 的建立，以及相应的政策转变，促进为学校和社区团体的循证计划提供资金，从研究转向展示功效的明显转变。拟议研究的目标是了解实施者如何适应 All Stars，这是一项基于研究的计划，已被 48 个州、维尔京群岛和波多黎各的 250 多所学校和社区服务机构采用。本研究的总体目标是依次回答三个问题：（1）全明星的实施者对书面程序进行了多大程度的修改以及为何修改？ (2) 修改如何影响目标中介变量和结果变量？ (3) 旨在促进积极改变的干预措施是否可以改善结果？当前项目将解决问题（1）和（2），为后续的拨款申请做准备，该申请将致力于解决问题（3）。将进行两项子研究。子研究 1 的目标是定义实施者在实施 All Stars 时如何以及为何修改它。计划内和计划外的修改都将通过审查从以前的研究项目中收集的录像带以及对潜在实施者进行调查、观察和访谈来进行检查。将记录适应情况并探讨这些修改的基本原理。子研究 1 将开发数据收集工具，用于子研究 2。子研究 2 的目标是从已经使用 All 的大量传播网站收集有关适应的广泛数据。星}以确定各种类型的适应在改变项目目标中介变量和青少年药物使用方面增强、产生中性效果或减弱项目有效性的程度。结果将用于后续研究，其中将制定制定规划以促进积极适应并满足实施者需求的策略，并在随机对照试验中进行测试。项目叙述 药物使用，包括酒精、烟草、大麻、吸入剂和非法药物的使用，仍然是全国范围内的一个问题。目前，许多基于研究的预防计划正在全国范围内推广。该项目将研究已采用吸毒预防计划“全明星”的学校和社区服务机构如何向学生实施该计划，他们如何以及为何对该计划进行调整，以及调整对成功实现该计划目标有何影响。