Understanding the Role of Neighborhoods on Urban Youth's Substance Use and Mental Health: A Community-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Project

了解社区对城市青年药物滥用和心理健康的作用：基于社区的药物滥用预防项目

• 批准号: 10693229
• 负责人: Ijeoma Opara
• 金额: $ 41.88万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10693229
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Accounting; Address; Administrator; Adolescent; Adult; African American; Age; Area; Award; Behavioral Sciences; Black race; Characteristics; Cities; Clinical Trials; Collaborations; Communities; Community based prevention; Complex; Data; Dedications; Dentistry; Development; Discipline of Nursing; Disparity; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Empirical Research; Environment; Epidemic; Equation; Ethnic Population; Evaluation; Exposure to; Faculty; Focus Groups; Foundations; Gender; Grant; HIV; Health Sciences; Health Technology; Hepatitis C virus; Hispanic; Illicit Drugs; Individual; Institution; Intervention; Literature; Manuscripts; Medicine; Mental Health; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Needs Assessment; Neighborhoods; New Jersey; New York; Outcome; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Population; Populations at Risk; Prevention Research; Process; Public Health; Publishing; Qualifying; Qualitative Methods; Race; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Personnel; Research Support; Resource-limited setting; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Schools; Social Welfare; Socioeconomic Status; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; Technology; Training; Truancy; United States; Universities; Urban Community; Vulnerable Populations; Writing; Youth; adolescent substance use; aged; anxiety symptoms; career; community organizations; depressive symptoms; design; doctoral student; evidence base; experience; feasibility trial; gender difference; health management; improved outcome; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; interest; multiple data sources; poor health outcome; pre-doctoral; preventive intervention; programs; protective factors; racial population; recruit; research study; risk perception; school district; substance abuse prevention; substance use; substance use prevention; suburban communities; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY Urban youth in the United States are more likely to be exposed to licit and illicit substances, experience higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and live in under-resourced areas. Such a disparity leaves urban youth at risk of poorer health outcomes than their counterparts. Since youth substance use is on the rise, it is imperative for innovative methods to be utilized in order to tackle this complex issue. The association between substance use, neighborhood characteristics, and mental health outcomes in youth is emerging in the literature yet disparities continue to impact youth in urban communities. Paterson, New Jersey is a northeastern, urban community which has one the highest rates of substance abuse in the nation. Youth living in Paterson are overly exposed to drug use in their neighborhoods and have extreme access to substances, leaving them more at risk to initiate use at earlier ages and more likely to become dependent into adulthood. My research in this community has shown that neighborhood and community level characteristics, in addition to depressive and anxiety symptoms among youth, can be key facilitators to early substance use. Previous research has overwhelmingly placed the blame on individuals, particularly youth, as opposed to acknowledging the systemic structures and the environmental context in which youth are nested. Although substance use prevention interventions exist, youth who are the most vulnerable and often the hardest to reach, are not engaged in prevention interventions or connected to resources. In order to reach this at-risk population, I propose to use an innovative method, venue-based sampling, to recruit at-risk youth. The research addresses these specific aims: Aim 1: To examine the association between neighborhood characteristics, substance use, and mental health symptoms among Paterson youth using quantitative and qualitative methods. Aim 2: Use findings from Aim 1 to inform the adaptation of a community-based and evidence-based substance use prevention intervention for Paterson youth. Aim 3: Pilot the intervention on a sample of Paterson youth. I hypothesize that there will be significant differences in risk and protective factors by race, gender, age, and socioeconomic status among Paterson youth. This project will use multiple sources of data to inform findings and use preliminary data to prepare a more robust R01 clinical trial application to be implemented in Paterson and other urban cities that will account for unique differences in urban youth.

项目概要 美国的城市青年更有可能接触合法和非法物质，经历更高水平的 焦虑和抑郁症状，并且生活在资源贫乏地区。这种差距使城市青年面临更贫困的风险 健康结果优于同行。由于青少年药物使用呈上升趋势，创新方法势在必行 来解决这个复杂的问题。物质使用、邻里特征、 青少年的心理健康结果正在文献中出现，但差距继续影响城市的青少年 社区。新泽西州帕特森是东北部的一个城市社区，拥有最高的物质比率 国家中的虐待。居住在帕特森的青少年在其社区中过度接触毒品，并有极端的行为 获取物质的机会，使他们更有可能在较早的年龄开始使用物质，并且更有可能对物质产生依赖 成年期。我对这个社区的研究表明，邻里和社区层面的特征，此外 青少年的抑郁和焦虑症状，可能是早期药物使用的关键促进因素。先前的研究有 绝大多数将责任归咎于个人，特别是年轻人，而不是承认系统结构 以及青年人所处的环境背景。尽管存在药物滥用预防干预措施，但青少年 他们是最脆弱的，而且往往是最难接触到的，没有参与预防干预措施或与 资源。为了覆盖这一高危人群，我建议使用一种创新方法，即基于场所的抽样， 招募高危青少年。该研究解决了这些具体目标： 目标 1：检查邻里特征、物质使用和心理健康之间的关联 使用定量和定性方法研究帕特森青少年的症状。 目标 2：利用目标 1 的发现为基于社区和基于证据的物质的调整提供信息 对帕特森青少年进行预防干预。 目标 3：对帕特森青年样本进行试点干预。 我假设，不同种族、性别、年龄和性别的风险和保护因素存在显着差异。 帕特森青年的社会经济地位。该项目将使用多个数据源来告知调查结果并使用 准备在帕特森和其他城市实施的更强大的 R01 临床试验申请的初步数据 城市将解释城市青年的独特差异。