The Role of Secondary Bile Acids in Gastro-Esophageal Neoplasia

次级胆汁酸在胃食管肿瘤中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10693227
负责人：
Julian Abrams
金额：
$ 81.24万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-01 至 2027-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10693227
关键词：
Acceleration Acids Address Adenocarcinoma Affect Agonist Area Barrett Esophagus Bile Acids Cell Count Cells Cessation of life Collaborations Data Deoxycholic Acid Development Distal Dysplasia Epithelial Attachment Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Esophagogastric Junction Esophagus Future High Fat Diet Human Immune Inflammasome Inflammation Inflammatory Knock-out Knowledge LGR5 gene Malignant Neoplasms Modeling Modification Molecular Mus Myeloid Cells Natural Killer Cells Neoplasms Nuclear Organoids Patients Population Precancerous Conditions Production Proliferating Prospective Studies Public Health Regional Cancer Risk Factors Role Sampling Series Stomach Stromal Cells Techniques Translating Validation Work antagonist carcinogenesis chemokine clinically significant cohort epithelial stem cell experimental study gastroesophageal cancer gut bacteria gut microbiome microbiome microbiome composition mortality mouse model multidisciplinary neutrophil new therapeutic target novel novel strategies prevent probiotic therapy prototype rational design receptor single-cell RNA sequencing spatiotemporal stem stem cell fate stem cells stomach cardia

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Stem and progenitor cells at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) have been identified as crucial to the development of adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, and proximal stomach. Combined, these cancers have over 20,000 new cases per year in the U.S., are associated high mortality, and represent a major public health burden. Our group has identified both gastric cardia as well as GEJ transitional basal stem cells as likely cells of origin for precancerous states in this region. However, defining the mechanisms and effectors that drive GE junction stem cell fate and promote cancer development remains a critical gap in knowledge. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represent the prototype for neoplasia arising from GE junction stem cells. We have extensive preliminary data demonstrating that circulating secondary bile acids derived from gut bacteria directly promote the development of BE and EAC, treating our L2-IL1B mouse model of BE/EAC with deoxycholic acid (DCA) accelerates neoplasia, and treatment with obeticholic acid, an agonist of nuclear bile acid receptor FXR (farnesoid X receptor), decreases proliferation, GEJ stem cell numbers, and dysplasia. However, the exact mechanisms by which secondary bile acids impact GEJ stem cells and the associated microenvironment have not been elucidated. We hypothesize that circulating secondary bile acids produced by gut bacteria promote early cancer development via direct effects on GE junction stem cells through FXR antagonism and by inducing pro-inflammatory microenvironment alterations. Using highly novel techniques and approaches (including scRNA-Seq and CyTOF), we will perform a series of experiments using mouse models, mouse and human organoids, and with validation of findings in a prospective study of patients, to address the following specific aims: Aim 1. To determine the role of circulating secondary bile acids in GEJ epithelial stem cell fate and early cancer promotion; Aim 2. To assess the effects of circulating secondary bile acids on the GEJ epithelial stem cell microenvironment; Aim 3. To determine whether targeted microbiome modification that regulates the circulating bile acid pool modifies GEJ cancer development. To achieve these aims we will use our unique L2-IL1B mouse model with FXR knockout in stem cells (L2- IL1B/Fxrfl/fl), allowing us to assess the effects of secondary bile acids on GEJ stem cells as well the L2-IL1B/Nlrpfl/fl model to explore inflammasome activation in stem cells and assess for cross-talk with the microenvironment. Ultimately, we will perform experiments treating with distinct consortia of highly characterized bacterial strains to modulate the secondary bile acid producing capacity of the gut microbiome and determine the effects on cancers arising from GE junction stem cells. Elucidation of the specific mechanisms by which secondary bile acids interact with GEJ stem cells and modify the microenvironment to promote cancer development may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, including the potential for rationally designed probiotic therapy, which would have a major public health impact.

项目概要胃食管交界处 (GEJ) 的干细胞和祖细胞已被确定对于远端食管、胃食管交界处和近端胃的腺癌的发展。加起来，这些癌症在美国每年新增病例超过 20,000 例，死亡率很高，而且我们的小组已经确定了胃贲门和胃食管结合部移行性病变然而，干细胞可能是该区域癌前状态的起源细胞。驱动 GE 连接干细胞命运和促进癌症发展的效应器仍然是一个关键的空白巴雷特食管（BE）和食管腺癌（EAC）代表了食管癌的原型。由GE连接干细胞产生的肿瘤我们有大量的初步数据证明循环。来自肠道细菌的次级胆汁酸直接促进 BE 和 EAC 的发展，治疗我们的 L2-IL1B BE/EAC 小鼠模型与脱氧胆酸 (DCA) 加速肿瘤形成，并且用奥贝胆酸是核胆汁酸受体 FXR（法尼醇 X 受体）的激动剂，可减少增殖， GEJ 干细胞数量和发育不良然而，次级胆汁酸影响的确切机制。 GEJ 干细胞和相关的微环境尚未阐明。肠道细菌产生的次级胆汁酸通过直接影响 GE 促进早期癌症的发展连接干细胞通过 FXR 拮抗作用和诱导促炎微环境改变。使用高度新颖的技术和方法（包括 scRNA-Seq 和 CyTOF），我们将进行一系列使用小鼠模型、小鼠和人类类器官进行实验，并对研究结果进行前瞻性验证对患者进行研究，以实现以下具体目标：目标 1. 确定循环继发性循环的作用胆汁酸在 GEJ 上皮干细胞命运和早期癌症促进中的作用目的 2. 评估循环的影响；目的 3. 确定次级胆汁酸对 GEJ 上皮干细胞微环境的影响；调节循环胆汁酸库的微生物组修饰可改变 GEJ 癌症的发展。为了实现这些目标，我们将使用我们独特的 L2-IL1B 小鼠模型，该模型在干细胞中具有 FXR 敲除（L2- IL1B/Fxrfl/fl)，使我们能够评估次级胆汁酸对 GEJ 干细胞以及 L2-IL1B/Nlrpfl/fl 的影响模型探索干细胞中的炎症小体激活并评估与微环境的串扰。最终，我们将进行用高度特征化的细菌菌株的独特联合体进行治疗的实验调节肠道微生物组的次级胆汁酸产生能力并确定对由 GE 连接干细胞引起的癌症的具体机制的阐明。酸与 GEJ 干细胞相互作用并改变微环境以促进癌症发展可能会导致确定新的治疗靶点，包括合理设计益生菌疗法的潜力，这将对公共卫生产生重大影响。