Evaluation and Comparison of Impacts of Flavored Waterpipe Tobacco and Electronic Waterpipe E-Liquid Formulation Variations on Toxicant Yields and Particle Size Distribution in Mainstream Emissions

调味水烟烟草和电子水烟电子烟液配方变化对主流排放中有毒物质产量和颗粒尺寸分布影响的评估和比较

• 批准号: 10470782
• 负责人: Theodore P. Klupinski
• 金额: $ 45.4万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE CENTERS/PUB HLTH RES & EVALUATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-18 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10470782
• 关键词: Address; Aldehydes; Area; Categories; Characteristics; Chemicals; Cigarette; Data; Devices; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Ensure; Evaluation; Flavoring; Formulation; Fruit; Furans; Glycerol; Harm Reduction; Head; Health; Heating; High temperature of physical object; Human; Knowledge; Link; Liquid substance; Lung; Mainstreaming; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Nicotine; Particle Size; Perception; Play; Propylene Glycols; Public Health; Regimen; Regulation; Reproducibility; Research; Respiratory System; Risk; Role; Safety; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Source; Techniques; Temperature; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoking behavior; Tobacco use; Toxic effect; United States Food and Drug Administration; Variant; Work; Youth; base; cigarette smoking; cold temperature; design; electronic liquid; evidence base; hookah; insight; interest; knowledge base; liquid formulation; nanoparticle; novel; novel strategies; sugar; systems research; tobacco flavor; tobacco products; tobacco-free; toxicant; uptake; young adult

Project Summary Waterpipe (WP) smoking has become a popular form of tobacco use in the US, especially among youth and young adults. These groups are particularly attracted to flavored WP tobacco (WPT). Sweet WPT flavors are preferred, with fruit flavors in particular leading to initiation and continued WP use, as well as the misperception of WP smoking as less harmful than cigarette smoking. WPT smoking has been linked to many of the same adverse health effects as cigarette smoking and releases many of the same harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) as cigarettes, at 10-100 times increased levels. The popularity of flavored WP smoking has expanded in recent years to flavored tobacco-free alternatives, including electronic WP (EWP). EWP replaces the traditional WP bowl and heat source with an electronic head filled with flavored, nicotine-containing liquid (e-liquid), turning the WP into an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). Given the rising popularity of other flavored ENDS, EWP may pose similar appeal and uptake concerns. EWP may be perceived as a safe WP alternative, but it has the potential to release the same harmful emissions as other ENDS. Yet nothing is known about the safety of EWP, or if it offers any harm reductions compared to WPT smoking. Flavored WP products may play an important role in the direct harms of WP smoking. EWP e-liquids and WPTs both use flavorants, sweet humectants (propylene glycol and glycerol), and sugars to enhance their appeal. These ingredients in cigarettes have been shown to form toxic aldehydes and furans during smoking. ENDS research shows that variations in e-liquid humectant content, as well as the presence of flavorings, can increase aldehydes emissions. Fundamental knowledge is lacking on the range of toxicants emissions across flavored WP products and the impact of variations in product formulations on toxic emissions and particle size distribution, a critical parameter in the delivery of toxicants to the human respiratory system. In order to regulate WP smoking and set product standards to reduce harms and public health impacts, it is imperative that US Food and Drug Administration have data to understand the impact of flavored WP smoking on exposure and how exposures may differ between traditional and alternative WP smoking platforms. This study will fill these gaps by evaluating and comparing the impact of variations in flavor profiles, humectants and sugar levels, and heating temperatures, in a variety of commercially available WPTs and EWP e-liquids on yields of HPHCs and other toxicants as well as particle size distribution in mainstream WP emissions. This will also be the first study to measure toxicant emissions from EWP use. This study is an essential step in providing robust, fundamental information on WP product formulations and toxicant emissions to better understand relative harms associated with flavored WP smoking and establish a knowledge base to inform regulatory actions surrounding WP product standards.

项目概要 在美国，吸水烟 (WP) 已成为一种流行的烟草使用方式，尤其是在青少年和青少年中 年轻人。这些群体特别喜欢加香 WP 烟草 (WPT)。甜甜的 WPT 口味是 首选，特别是水果口味会导致开始和持续使用可湿性粉剂，以及误解 吸烟的危害比吸烟要小。 WPT 吸烟与许多相同的问题有关 与吸烟一样对健康产生不利影响，并释放出许多相同的有害物质和潜在有害物质 成分（HPHC）与香烟一样，含量增加了 10-100 倍。加味可湿性粉剂吸烟的流行 近年来已扩展到调味无烟草替代品，包括电子可湿性粉剂（EWP）。电子工作计划 用装有调味、含尼古丁的电子头取代了传统的 WP 碗和热源 液体（电子液体），将可湿性粉剂变成电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）。鉴于越来越受欢迎 其他口味的 ENDS、EWP 可能会带来类似的吸引力和吸收问题。 EWP 可能被视为安全的 WP 替代品，但它有可能释放与其他 ENDS 相同的有害排放物。然而什么都没有 了解 EWP 的安全性，或者与 WPT 吸烟相比，它是否能减少危害。调味可湿性粉剂 产品可能在 WP 吸烟的直接危害中发挥重要作用。 EWP 电子烟油和 WPT 均使用 调味剂、甜味保湿剂（丙二醇和甘油）和糖以增强其吸引力。这些 香烟中的成分已被证明在吸烟过程中会形成有毒的醛和呋喃。电子尼古丁传送系统研究 显示电子烟液保湿剂含量的变化以及调味剂的存在会增加醛类的含量 排放。对调味可湿性粉剂产品的有毒物质排放范围缺乏基础知识 以及产品配方变化对有毒物质排放和颗粒尺寸分布的影响，这是一个关键因素 毒物输送到人体呼吸系统的参数。为了规范WP吸烟而设置 产品标准以减少危害和公共健康影响，美国食品和药品管理局势在必行 主管部门有数据可以了解吸烟可湿性粉剂对暴露的影响以及暴露的方式 传统和替代 WP 吸烟平台之间可能有所不同。本研究将通过评估来填补这些空白 并比较风味特征、保湿剂和糖含量以及加热温度变化的影响， 各种市售 WPT 和 EWP 电子液体中 HPHC 和其他有毒物质的产量 作为主流可湿性粉剂排放中的颗粒尺寸分布。这也将是第一项测量有毒物质的研究 EWP 使用产生的排放。这项研究是提供有关 WP 的可靠基本信息的重要一步 产品配方和有毒物质排放，以更好地了解与调味可湿性粉剂相关的相对危害 吸烟并建立知识库，为围绕 WP 产品标准的监管行动提供信息。