ALCOHOL, SOCIAL STRESS, AND EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR

酒精、社会压力和情绪行为

基本信息

批准号：
5211683
负责人：
ROBERT J BLANCHARD
金额：
--
依托单位：
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

项目摘要

Good animal models of psychopathology greatly facilitate research on both the behavioral/experiential aspects of such disorders, and their biological bases. It is rapidly becoming accepted that evolved neurobehavioral defense systems are involved in a range of emotion-linked behavior disorders such as anxiety and depression. The objective of this proposal is to characterize the defense systems of laboratory rats and mice and their wild cogenors, providing an empirical and conceptual basis for understanding the relationships of these behaviors to crucial features of eliciting threat stimuli and situations, as well as the mechanisms which control the progression from one defensive behavior to another under normal and abnormal circumstances. These studies will focus on recently described aspects of defense, including risk assessment, movement changes associated with defense, and potentially communicatory defensive ultrasounds. These and other defensive behaviors will be systematically evaluated in two groups previously shown to demonstrate enhanced defensiveness, females, and subordinate males living under chronic social stress; these are counterparts also to two human groups at greater risk for emotional disorders. Microanalyses of particular behaviors will attempt to differentiate specific patterns of defense changes associated with chronic and acute stressors. Finally, the project will attempt to develop models for precise, rapid, testing of a full range of defensive behaviors in mice, the animals of choice for research on the pharmacology of anxiety and depression. These mouse models, along with those developed previously in this project for the rat, should enable an exponential improvement in precision of measurement of defensive behaviors, and in the relevance of the behaviors measured for an understanding of human emotional pathology.

良好的精神病理学动物模型极大地促进了这两个方面的研究此类疾病的行为/经验方面及其生物基地。进化论很快就被人们所接受神经行为防御系统涉及一系列与情绪相关的行为行为障碍，例如焦虑和抑郁。该提案的目的是描述防御系统的特征实验室大鼠和小鼠及其野生同基因，提供了经验以及理解这些关系的概念基础引起威胁刺激和情况的关键特征的行为，以及控制从一开始的进展的机制在正常和异常情况下对他人的防御行为。这些研究将重点关注最近描述的防御方面，包括风险评估、与防御相关的运动变化，以及潜在的通信防御超声波。这些和其他防御行为将分为两组进行系统评估先前显示出增强的防御能力、女性和生活在长期社会压力下的从属男性；这些都是对应的两个人类群体也面临更大的情绪风险失调。对特定行为的微观分析将尝试区分与相关的防御变化的特定模式慢性和急性压力源。最后，该项目将尝试开发模型，以实现精确、快速、对小鼠（以下动物）进行全方位的防御行为测试选择研究焦虑和抑郁的药理学。这些小鼠模型，以及该项目之前开发的模型老鼠，应该能够使精确度呈指数级提高防御行为的测量以及行为的相关性测量以了解人类情感病理学。