Regulation and Manipulation of Innate Immunity During HIV Infection

HIV 感染期间先天免疫的调节和操纵

• 批准号: 10874020
• 负责人: Jarrod Sean Johnson
• 金额: $ 66.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10874020
• 关键词: APOCEC3G gene; Acute Myelocytic Leukemia; Address; Affect; Antiviral Response; Binding; Biological Assay; CBFB gene; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; CRISPR/Cas technology; Cell Maturation; Cells; ChIP-seq; Chromatin; Complex; Data; Dendritic Cells; Detection; Equilibrium; Family; Family member; Gene Expression; Gene Targeting; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Transcription; Genetic study; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Host Defense; Immune; Immune Targeting; Immune response; Immune signaling; Infection; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Inflammatory Response; Innate Immune Response; Innovative Therapy; Interferon Type II; Interferons; Knock-out; Knowledge; Life Cycle Stages; Macrophage; Macrophage Activation; Maps; Methods; Microbe; Modeling; Molecular; Myelogenous; Myeloid Cells; Natural Immunity; Pathogenesis; Pathway interactions; Post-Translational Modification Site; Predisposition; Process; Production; Protein Isoforms; RNA Interference; RUNX1 gene; Regulation; Ribonucleoproteins; Role; Signal Transduction; System; T-Cell Activation; T-Lymphocyte; Testing; Time; Transcriptional Activation; Transcriptional Regulation; Up-Regulation; Validation; Viral; Viral Genes; Viral reservoir; Virus; Virus Diseases; Virus Replication; Work; acute infection; adaptive immunity; cell type; cofactor; differential expression; experimental study; gene network; gene regulatory network; genome-wide; immune activation; improved; inhibitor; innate immune sensing; insight; knock-down; loss of function mutation; malignant breast neoplasm; monocyte; mutant; novel; pharmacologic; response; small hairpin RNA; tool; transcription factor; transcriptome sequencing; vif Gene Products

PROJECT SUMMARY Innate immune sensing of microbes leads to activation of signal transduction cascades that trigger multiple transcription factors to rewire gene expression for host defense. However, the mechanisms that regulate this sophisticated response are not completely understood. This proposal addresses a novel transcriptional mechanism that regulates the innate response to HIV-1. Our preliminary data define a gene regulatory network that maps the innate immune response in monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and highlight new transcriptional circuitry that controls interferon signaling, which is highly relevant for HIV infection. Type I and type III interferon are known to block acute infection of HIV. However, dysregulated interferon signaling is a hallmark of pathogenesis and can increase virus replication and spread. Based on our network predictions and experimental validations, our data indicate that Core-Binding Factor Subunit Beta (CBFb, encoded by the gene CBFB) is a cell-type specific regulator of interferon and inflammation. Loss-of-function mutations in CBFb have been associated with breast cancer and acute myeloid leukemia, but a role in regulating antiviral responses through interferon signaling has not been described. We have found that perturbation of CBFb by CRISPR-Cas9 or RNA interference leads to spontaneous induction of specific interferon stimulated genes and inflammatory factors in myeloid cells but not T cells. CBFb is known to be hijacked by HIV-1 Vif in T cells to reduce expression of APOBEC3 family restriction factors, but our work suggests that CBFb’s impact on HIV is more complex than previously appreciated. Interestingly, our data indicate that HIV-1 replicates more efficiently in CBFb-depleted myeloid cells in single-cycle infections, but the virus fails to spread efficiently in replication-competent assays (and in this case, effects are independent of Vif). The experiments outlined in this proposal will provide a greater mechanistic understanding of how the transcription cofactor CBFb regulates innate immune responses and influences HIV-1 replication. With this project we aim to: 1) Determine the mechanism by which CBFb limits IFN responses in myeloid cells, 2) Determine the direct and indirect targets of CBFb and their impact on HIV infection, and 3) Validate roles for CBFb during maturation of primary immune cells. By systematically testing mutant CBFb constructs in rescue experiments, testing the roles of CBFb binding partners (such as RUNX family members), and testing CBFb-dependent genes that are known to impact HIV replication, we expect to uncover the molecular mechanism of how CBFb suppresses innate immune signaling and how dysregulation of this function is exploited during virus infection. Our long-term goals are to understand how cellular parameters can be manipulated to tune innate responses to HIV-1 and optimize our cell’s antiviral defenses. With this project, we seek to gain mechanistic insight into the transcriptional regulation of innate immunity, knowledge that could lead to new treatments to target the virus reservoir and engage anti-HIV immune responses.

项目摘要 微生物的先天免疫传感导致触发信号转导级联激活 多个转录因子以重新释放基因表达进行宿主防御。但是，调节的机制 这种复杂的反应尚未完全理解。该提议解决了一个新颖的转录 调节对HIV-1的先天反应的机制。我们的初步数据定义了基因调节网络 这绘制了单核细胞衍生的树突细胞中先天免疫反应，并突出显示了新的转录 控制干扰素信号的电路，这与HIV感染高度相关。 I型和III型干扰素 已知会阻塞HIV的急性感染。但是，干扰素信号失调是 发病机理，可以增加病毒复制和扩散。基于我们的网络预测和实验 验证，我们的数据表明核心结合因子亚基β（CBFB，由基因CBFB编码）是一个 细胞类型的干扰和炎症调节剂。 CBFB的功能丧失突变已经 与乳腺癌和急性髓细胞性白血病有关，但在控制抗病毒反应中起作用 干扰素信号尚未描述。我们发现CRISPR-CAS9或RNA的CBFB扰动 干扰会导致特定干扰刺激基因和炎症因子的赞助诱导 髓样细胞，而不是T细胞。已知CBFB在T细胞中被HIV-1 VIF劫持，以减少 APOBEC3家庭限制因素，但我们的工作表明CBFB对HIV的影响比 以前受到赞赏。有趣的是，我们的数据表明HIV-1在CBFB耗尽中更有效地复制 单周期感染中的髓样细胞，但该病毒无法在复制能力的测定中有效扩散 （在这种情况下，效果与VIF无关）。该提案中概述的实验将提供更大的 机械理解转录辅助因子CBFB如何调节先天免疫反应和 影响HIV-1复制。通过此项目，我们的目标是：1）确定CBFB限制IFN的机制 髓样细胞的反应，2）确定CBFB的直接和间接靶标及其对HIV感染的影响， 3）验证CBFB在原发免疫细胞成熟过程中的作用。通过系统地测试突变体CBFB 救援实验中的结构，测试CBFB结合伙伴（例如Runx家族成员）的作用， 并测试已知会影响HIV复制的CBFB依赖性基因，我们希望发现分子 CBFB如何抑制先天免疫信号的机制以及如何利用此功能的失调 在病毒感染期间。我们的长期目标是了解如何操纵蜂窝参数 调整对HIV-1的先天反应，并优化细胞的抗病毒防御能力。通过这个项目，我们试图获得 对先天免疫的转录调节的机械洞察力，可能导致新的知识 靶向病毒储层并参与抗HIV免疫反应的治疗方法。