Self-selected diet composition, adherence to caloric restriction, and cardiometabolic disease risk

自我选择的饮食结构、坚持热量限制和心脏代谢疾病风险

• 批准号: 9807563
• 负责人: Sai Krupa Das
• 金额: $ 14.92万
• 依托单位: TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9807563
• 关键词: Adherence; Affect; Aging; Animal Model; Animals; Attenuated; Base Ratios; Blood Pressure; Caloric Restriction; Calories; Carbohydrates; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials; Complex; Consumption; Control Groups; Data; Databases; Diet; Dietary Component; Dietary Factors; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Intervention; Dietary Practices; Disease; Energy Intake; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Fiber; Food; Funding; Glucose; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Individual; Inflammatory; Insulin; Intake; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Lipids; Long-Term Effects; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Metabolic; Methodology; Modeling; Modification; Mus; Non obese; Nutritional; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Participant; Play; Population; Portraits; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Preventive Medicine; Protein-Restricted Diet; Proteins; Randomized Controlled Trials; Regimen; Regulation; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Satiation; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; age related; analytical tool; cardiometabolic risk; cardiometabolism; cardiovascular disorder risk; disorder risk; healthspan; indexing; individual response; inflammatory marker; innovation; insight; nutrition; predictive marker; protein intake; response

PROJECT SUMMARY Calorie restriction (CR) is a promising nutritional strategy that has the potential to attenuate the risk of age- related disease. The National Institutes of Health-funded CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) was the first clinical trial to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving sustained, moderate CR in healthy, non-obese adults. Remarkable reductions in cardiometabolic risk factors were observed in the CR group compared with the ad libitum intake control group. Over the two-year study period, participants were prescribed a caloric intake target but self-selected their diet, and notable variability was observed in objectively measured adherence to CR. Examining diet composition during CR compared to ad libitum intake will help identify factors that may contribute to this variability. Emerging evidence suggests that the ratio of macronutrients in the diet plays an important and independent role in influencing health. Studies in mice indicate that a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet is associated with a longer healthspan. This observation contradicts findings of greater satiety and lower energy intake associated with a higher protein diet. As higher protein intake likely supports adherence to a CR regimen, further research is needed to determine whether dietary composition can be optimized for both longer healthspan and CR adherence. The proposed research directly contributes to the NIH FOA PA-18-824 and will use CALERIE data to evaluate the effect of dietary composition on adherence to CR and resultant cardiometabolic disease risk factor modification. The publicly available CALERIE database includes comprehensive measures of self-selected diet composition, an objective measure of caloric intake, and a variety of health outcomes including inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk factors. We will use the Geometric Framework for Nutrition (GFN), a state-of-the-art analytical approach that can simultaneously evaluate multiple dietary components and determine their associations with disease risk. Identifying these dietary factors has important implications for optimizing adherence to CR and for the prevention and treatment of age-related chronic disease. We hypothesize that dietary components associated with successful CR in a non-obese, disease-free population will confer even stronger benefits in individuals at risk for cardiometabolic disease, such as populations with overweight or obesity. Our long-term goal is for our results to inform dietary intervention strategies to facilitate CR, attenuate cardiometabolic risk, and reduce the burden of age-related chronic disease.

项目概要 热量限制（CR）是一种很有前途的营养策略，有可能降低年龄相关风险 相关疾病。美国国立卫生研究院资助的 CALERIE（长期综合评估） 减少能量摄入的效果）是第一个临床试验，证明了实现这一目标的可行性 健康、非肥胖成年人的持续、中等 CR。心脏代谢危险因素显着减少 CR 组与随意摄入对照组相比。经过两年的学习 在此期间，参与者被规定了热量摄入目标，但自行选择了饮食，并且存在显着的差异 观察客观测量的 CR 依从性。检查 CR 期间的饮食成分与 随意摄入将有助于确定可能导致这种变异性的因素。新出现的证据表明 饮食中常量营养素的比例对于影响健康起着重要且独立的作用。 对小鼠的研究表明，低蛋白、高碳水化合物饮食与更长的健康寿命有关。这 观察结果与较高蛋白质含量带来的饱腹感增加和能量摄入较低的发现相矛盾 饮食。由于较高的蛋白质摄入量可能有助于坚持 CR 方案，因此需要进一步研究 确定是否可以优化膳食成分以实现更长的健康寿命和 CR 依从性。这 拟议的研究直接贡献给 NIH FOA PA-18-824，并将使用 CALERIE 数据来评估 膳食成分对 CR 依从性和由此产生的心脏代谢疾病危险因素的影响 修改。公开的 CALERIE 数据库包括自选的综合衡量标准 饮食构成、热量摄入的客观衡量标准以及各种健康结果，包括 炎症和心脏代谢危险因素。我们将使用营养几何框架（GFN）， 最先进的分析方法，可以同时评估多种饮食成分和 确定它们与疾病风险的关联。识别这些饮食因素对于以下方面具有重要意义： 优化 CR 依从性以及预防和治疗与年龄相关的慢性病。我们 假设饮食成分与非肥胖、无病人群中成功 CR 相关 将为有心脏代谢疾病风险的个体带来更大的益处，例如患有心脏病的人群 超重或肥胖。我们的长期目标是让我们的结果为饮食干预策略提供信息，以促进 CR，降低心脏代谢风险，减轻与年龄相关的慢性疾病的负担。