NEURAL MECHANISMS IN PROCESSING VISUAL INFORMATION

处理视觉信息的神经机制

• 批准号: 2019438
• 负责人: ANN E STUART
• 金额: $ 20.46万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-08-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2019438
• 关键词: Cirripedia; Xenopus oocyte; alternatives to animals in research; autoradiography; calcium flux; electrophysiology; glia; histamine; histamine release; messenger RNA; neural information processing; neural transmission; neuroanatomy; neurotransmitter metabolism; neurotransmitter transport; scintillation counter; synapses; visual photoreceptor; visual photosensitivity; visual phototransduction

Photoreceptors can transmit minute changes in voltage to photosynaptic cells over a wide range of background light intensities. Knowledge of the processes and molecule; involved in normal synaptic transmission from these specialized cells is essential if we wish to know how they might be altered in degeneration and disease. We have developed a prepartion, from an invertebrate, consisting-of huge photoreceptors with giant presynaptic terminals and recognizable postsynaptic cells, and have identified the photoreceptors' neurotransmitter as histamine. The particular advantages of this preparation will be exploited to study cellular processes, particularly those of transmitter dynamics, less easily approached in vertebrate photoreceptors. We will follow the fate of transmitter molecules with LM and EM autoradiography control and record the voltage from pre- and postsynaptic cells with electrophysiological methods and follow changes in intracellular calcium concentration using highspeed optical recording. The following questions will be addressed: (1) How does the reuptake of released transmitter contribute to synaptic function, in particular signal transfer? How is uptake into photoreceptors regulated, especially in a cell that releases transmitter continuously as this one does, and what role is played by uptake into glial cells at this synapse? (2) How does the synthesis of transmitter contribute to synaptic function and how is it regulated? (3) Is transmitter released in a quantal fashion from this synapse or by a carrier, and where is it stored? (4) Can we control the internal milieu of these terminals and in this way attempt to dissect out the steps in the release process?

感光体可以将电压的微小变化传输到 在各种背景光强度上的光突细胞。 了解过程和分子；参与正常突触 如果我们想知道，从这些专业单元格中传输至关重要 它们如何在变性和疾病中改变。 我们已经发展了 来自无脊椎动物的预孕药，包括大量光感受器 具有巨大突触前末端和可识别的突触后细胞，以及 已将感光体的神经递质鉴定为组胺。 这 将利用此准备的特定优势来学习 蜂窝过程，尤其是发射器动力学的过程，更少 在脊椎动物感光器中很容易接近。 我们将遵循具有LM和EM的发射机分子的命运 放射自显影控制并记录前后突触的电压 具有电生理方法的细胞，并遵循变化 使用高速光学记录，细胞内钙浓度。 将解决以下问题：（1） 释放的发射器有助于突触功能，特别是 信号转移？如何受到调节的光感受器的摄取，尤其是 在一个像该单元时连续释放发射器的单元格中，并且 在该突触中，吸收对神经胶质细胞的作用是什么作用？ （2）如何 发射机的合成是否有助于突触功能以及如何 是受监管的吗？ （3）是从数量上释放的发射机 这个突触或由载体，然后存储在哪里？ （4）我们可以控制吗 这些终端的内部环境，以这种方式试图剖析 在发布过程中删除步骤？