Occupational Exposure Assessment of alpha-Pinene and related Monoterpenes

α-蒎烯和相关单萜的职业暴露评估

• 批准号: 10936643
• 金额: $ 21.85万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10936643
• 关键词: Acute; Adverse effects; Agreement; Air; Beverages; Biological; Blood; Cannabis; Carbon; Chemicals; Citrus; Communication; Complement; Data; Databases; Dermal; Diffusion; Engineering; Enhancers; Ensure; Environmental Exposure; Epidemiology; European; Evaluation; Exhalation; Exposure to; Eye; Flavoring; Food; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Hazard Assessment; Hazard Identification; Health; Herb; Human; Humulus; Hydrogen; Hypersensitivity; Industrialization; Industry; Institutional Review Boards; Investigation; Literature; Lung; Measures; Methods; Monoterpenes; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Nose; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Groups; Occupational Medicine; Oxides; Perfume; Pharyngeal structure; Plants; Population; Production; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Sampling; Science; Sensory; Services; Site Visit; Source; Toxicology; Trees; Turpentine; Universities; Urine; academic review; analytical method; carcinogenicity; consumer product; disorder prevention; in vivo; interdisciplinary approach; irritation; manufacture; volatile organic compound

Monoterpenes are a class of naturally occurring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that consist of 10 carbons and 16 hydrogens in varying arrangements. Along with being constituents of various coniferous tree species, monoterpenes are also present in cannabis plants, hops, and several herb and citrus species. Because monoterpenes are organic compounds that contain distinct, often pleasant and intense, aromas and flavoring profiles; they have, with increased frequency, been integrated into various consumer products, including food and beverages as flavoring agents, and perfumes, cleaning solutions, and air fresheners as fragrance enhancers. Studies that have assessed the effects of monoterpene exposure on worker health have reported associations between monoterpene exposure and acute decreases in lung diffusion capacity, bronchial reactivity, contact allergy and eye irritation. Recent investigations into the association between monoterpene levels and sensory irritation of the nose and throat, which culminated in the establishment of an ACGIH TLV for turpentine and related monoterpenes of 20 ppm, have suggested that the current OSHA PEL and NIOSH REL of 100 ppm may not be adequately protective. While several Northern European studies have examined exposure to monoterpenes in woodworking settings, the range of exposures to monoterpenes US woodworking settings and other occupational settings are poorly understood. In FY23, the study team received IRB approval to begin collecting exposure assessment data for workplace exposures to monoterpenes. Several analytical methods were fully evaluated, including air, dermal, and urine methods. A breath method is currently under evaluation to ensure adequate storage stability and accuracy at exhaled breath-like conditions. The study team also established connections with trade associations, unions, independent consultants, and academic researchers representing the cannabis cultivation and processing, hops cultivation, cleaning worker, woodworker, and flavor and extract manufacturing industries. More than 200 organizations representing cannabis cultivation and processing, flavor manufacturing, pine chemical production, cleaning manufacturing, and cleaning industries have been contacted. The first site visit for this project was conducted at a university to assess monoterpene levels in janitorial workers. Three other site visits are tentatively planned in FY23 to measure monoterpene exposure in janitorial workers and another site visit is tentatively planned to measure monoterpene levels at a cannabis extraction facility in early FY24.

单萜是一类天然存在的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC)，由 10 个碳和 16 个氢以不同的排列方式组成。单萜除了是各种针叶树种的成分外，还存在于大麻植物、啤酒花以及几种草本植物和柑橘类植物中。因为单萜是有机化合物，含有独特的、通常令人愉悦和强烈的香气和风味特征；它们越来越频繁地被融入各种消费品中，包括作为调味剂的食品和饮料，以及作为香味增强剂的香水、清洁剂和空气清新剂。 评估单萜暴露对工人健康影响的研究报告称，单萜暴露与肺扩散能力、支气管反应性、接触过敏和眼睛刺激急剧下降之间存在关联。 最近对单萜水平与鼻子和喉咙的感觉刺激之间的关系进行了调查，最终建立了 20 ppm 松节油和相关单萜的 ACGIH TLV，表明当前的 OSHA PEL 和 NIOSH REL 100 ppm 可能并不适用。进行充分的保护。虽然北欧的几项研究已经调查了木工环境中单萜的暴露情况，但美国木工环境和其他职业环境中单萜的暴露范围却知之甚少。 2023 财年，研究团队获得 IRB 批准，开始收集工作场所单萜暴露的暴露评估数据。 对几种分析方法进行了全面评估，包括空气法、皮肤法和尿液法。目前正在评估一种呼吸方法，以确保在类似呼气的条件下有足够的存储稳定性和准确性。研究小组还与代表大麻种植和加工、啤酒花种植、清洁工人、木工以及香料和提取物制造行业的贸易协会、工会、独立顾问和学术研究人员建立了联系。已联系代表大麻种植和加工、香料制造、松树化学品生产、清洁制造和清洁行业的 200 多家组织。该项目的第一次实地考察在一所大学进行，以评估清洁工人的单萜水平。暂定于 2023 财年进行另外三项现场访问，以测量清洁工人的单萜暴露情况，并暂定计划在 2024 财年年初进行另一次现场访问，以测量大麻提取设施的单萜水平。