SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core

SARS-CoV-2 病毒学核心

• 批准号: 10928044
• 负责人: Reed Johnson
• 金额: $ 165.82万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10928044
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Animal Model; Animals; Anosmia; Antiviral Agents; Benign; Biology; Birds; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 patient; Camels; Case Fatality Rates; Cellular biology; Cessation of life; Child; China; Chiroptera; Circulation; Cities; Clinical; Clinical Research; Common Cold; Containment; Core Facility; Coronavirus; Coughing; Country; Development; Diarrhea; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Elderly; Environment; Evolution; Family; Fatigue; Fever; Genome; Goals; Headache; Hospitalization; Human; Immunocompromised Host; Individual; Infection; Intramural Research; Intramural Research Program; Intubation; Link; Mammals; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Molecular Biology; Monoclonal Antibodies; Morbidity - disease rate; Myalgia; Names; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Nausea; Patients; Persons; Pneumonia; Population; Province; Public Health; RNA; Research; Research Personnel; Respiratory Disease; SARS coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2 immunity; SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis; Sampling; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Shortness of Breath; Sore Throat; Source; Stress; Symptoms; Taste Perception; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Vaccination; Vaccines; Variant; Virus; Viverridae; Vomiting; Zoonoses; betacoronavirus; experimental study; mortality; new pandemic; novel coronavirus; respiratory; response; seasonal coronavirus; translational study; transmission process; virology

Viruses of the Coronaviridae family are enveloped viruses that possess a large (30kb), single-stranded, positive sense, RNA genome that infect a large number of mammals (alpha and beta coronaviruses) and birds (gamma coronaviruses). Four different seasonal coronaviruses (two alpha coronaviruses, 229E and NL63, and two beta coronaviruses, OC43 and HKU1) circulate in humans worldwide. The consequences of these infections, the common cold, are generally benign, but pneumonia with severe complications may occur in children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. However, as many animal species harbor unique coronaviruses, a jump from animal to humans can occur and may result in persistent circulation in the human population. In the past 18 years, three major zoonotic outbreaks linked to coronaviruses have occurred resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Between 2002 and 2004, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infected more than 8,000 people in 29 countries with a case fatality rate of 11%. SARS circulated in bats, jumped to civets, and was then transmitted to humans. The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS) was first detected in a cluster of cases in the Arabian peninsula in 2012 and subsequently spread to 27 countries. More than 2,500 people were infected, resulting in 866 deaths. Like SARS, Camels serve as the animal reservoir for MERS and remain a source for human infections. The explosive emergence of SARS-CoV-2, continues to present an enormous threat to public health. In mid-December 2019, a new respiratory disease named COVID-19 was identified in patients in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province, China). COVID-19 is characterized by a variety of symptoms including fever, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, myalgia, fatigue, headache, loss of smell and taste, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. In 10-20% of cases, the disease can lead to serious clinical complications requiring hospitalization and intubation for respiratory support. Rapid spread across the globe occurred thereafter. As of March 2023, there have been more than 676,609,955 cases resulting in at least 6,881,955 deaths worldwide. While public health efforts, including vaccination, have curtailed the pandemic new variants arise stressing the need for broad-acting vaccines and continued development of countermeasures. In support of the biomedical response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Division of Intramural Research of the National institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases created an intramural core facility to support high-containment research on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. This project describes the activities of this facility.

冠状病毒科病毒是有包膜病毒，具有大型 (30kb)、单链、正义 RNA 基因组，可感染大量哺乳动物（α 和 β 冠状病毒）和鸟类（γ 冠状病毒）。四种不同的季节性冠状病毒（两种α冠状病毒，229E和NL63，以及两种β冠状病毒，OC43和HKU1）在全世界人类中传播。这些感染（普通感冒）的后果通常是良性的，但儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下的人可能会出现伴有严重并发症的肺炎。然而，由于许多动物物种都携带独特的冠状病毒，因此可能会发生从动物到人类的传播，并可能导致在人群中持续传播。 在过去 18 年中，发生了三起与冠状病毒相关的重大人畜共患疫情，导致了显着的死亡率和发病率。 2002年至2004年间，严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）感染了29个国家的8000多人，病死率为11%。 SARS 在蝙蝠中传播，跳至果子狸，然后传播给人类。中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS）于 2012 年首次在阿拉伯半岛的一组病例中被发现，随后传播到 27 个国家。超过2500人被感染，导致866人死亡。与 SARS 一样，骆驼是 MERS 的动物宿主，并且仍然是人类感染的来源。 SARS-CoV-2 的爆炸性出现继续对公众健康构成巨大威胁。 2019 年 12 月中旬，在中国湖北省武汉市的患者中发现了一种名为 COVID-19 的新呼吸道疾病。 COVID-19 具有多种症状，包括发烧、咳嗽、喉咙痛、呼吸急促、肌痛、疲劳、头痛、嗅觉和味觉丧失、腹泻、恶心或呕吐。在 10-20% 的病例中，该疾病会导致严重的临床并发症，需要住院治疗和插管呼吸支持。此后在全球范围内迅速传播。截至 2023 年 3 月，全球已有超过 676,609,955 例病例，导致至少 6,881,955 人死亡。尽管包括疫苗接种在内的公共卫生努力已经遏制了大流行，但新变种的出现强调了对广泛作用的疫苗和继续制定对策的必要性。 为了支持对 COVID-19 大流行的生物医学应对，国家过敏和传染病研究所校内研究部创建了一个校内核心设施，以支持 SARS-CoV-2 和 COVID-19 的高遏制研究。该项目描述了该设施的活动。

项目成果

Deep Learning for Automated Liver Segmentation to Aid in the Study of Infectious Diseases in Nonhuman Primates.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.08.023
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Academic radiology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Reza SMS;Bradley D;Aiosa N;Castro M;Lee JH;Lee BY;Bennett RS;Hensley LE;Cong Y;Johnson R;Hammoud D;Feuerstein I;Solomon J
• 通讯作者: Solomon J

PET imaging of TSPO expression in immune cells can assess organ-level pathophysiology in high-consequence viral infections.

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110846119
• 发表时间: 2022-04-12
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1

Longitudinal in vivo imaging of acute neuropathology in a monkey model of Ebola virus infection.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23088-x
• 发表时间: 2021-05-17
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Schreiber-Stainthorp W;Solomon J;Lee JH;Castro M;Shah S;Martinez-Orengo N;Reeder R;Maric D;Gross R;Qin J;Hagen KR;Johnson RF;Hammoud DA
• 通讯作者: Hammoud DA

Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b' Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication.

表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白的 cDNA 启动重组猿猴出血热病毒的开发和表征：体外病毒复制不需要 ORF 2b'。

• DOI: 10.3390/v13040632
• 发表时间: 2021-04-07
• 期刊: Viruses
• 作者: Cai Y;Yu S;Fang Y;Bollinger L;Li Y;Lauck M;Postnikova EN;Mazur S;Johnson RF;Finch CL;Radoshitzky SR;Palacios G;Friedrich TC;Goldberg TL;O'Connor DH;Jahrling PB;Kuhn JH
• 通讯作者: Kuhn JH