Mechanisms of Risky Alcohol Use in Young Adults: Linking Sleep Duration and Timing to Reward- and Stress-Related Brain Function

年轻人危险饮酒的机制：将睡眠持续时间和时间与奖励和压力相关的大脑功能联系起来

• 批准号: 10599260
• 负责人: Melynda D Casement
• 金额: $ 52.51万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10599260
• 关键词: Acute; Adolescent and Young Adult; Affect; Age; Age Years; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcoholism; Brain; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic; Communities; Consumption; Development; Disease; Equipment and supply inventories; Etiology; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Health; Hour; Injury; Intervention; Laboratories; Licensing; Link; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental health promotion; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurosecretory Systems; Observational Study; Patient Self-Report; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Psychologist; Psychopathology; Randomized; Recommendation; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Series; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep disturbances; Stress; Stressful Event; Suicide attempt; Symptoms; System; Testing; Translating; Woman; alcohol abuse therapy; alcohol misuse; alcohol use disorder; biobehavior; circadian; comorbidity; cost; deter alcohol use; disability; disorder prevention; experience; experimental study; follow-up; high risk; high risk drinking; improved; improvement on sleep; men; modifiable risk; mortality; physical assault; preventive intervention; prospective; recruit; response; sexual assault; sleep behavior; sleep regulation; stressor; time use; young adult

7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The long-term objectives of this proposal are: 1) to evaluate a biobehavioral model of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in young adults with recent high-risk drinking (≥ 4 drinks/day or ≥ 8/week for women, ≥ 5 drinks/day or ≥ 15/week for men) and high lifetime exposure to stressors, and 2) to leverage sleep and circadian function to promote mental health. These objectives are consistent with two key priorities of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA): 1) identify mechanisms of AUDs, and 2) improve prevention and treatment for alcohol misuse. The proposed model of AUD posits that sleep duration and/or timing moderate the effects of stressful life events on high-risk alcohol use by disrupting reward- and stress-related brain function. The research approach uses two complementary study designs to evaluate the proposed model: 1) an observational study (n=150) that will assess the degree to which short and late sleep predict later reward- and stress-related brain function and alcohol use, and 2) an experimental study (n=100) that will evaluate the extent to which sleep duration and timing affect reward- and stress-related brain function and alcohol use. The sample includes young adults (18-24 years of age) with recent high-risk drinking and high lifetime exposure to stressors (≥20 stressors on a lifetime stress and adversity inventory). Recruitment will be stratified to include young adults with short and late sleep (weekday sleep duration ≤ 6 h & midpoint ≥ 4 am; n=100) versus long and early sleep (weekday sleep duration ≥ 8h & midpoint ≤ 2:30 am; n=50). Both studies include measurement of daily sleep and stressful events for 2 weeks; subsequent laboratory measures of reward- and stress-related brain function and sleep and circadian characteristics; and self-report measures of alcohol use during daily monitoring and 2-month follow-up. The experimental study includes random assignment of young adults with short and late sleep from the observational study to 2 weeks of either: 1) 90 min extension and advance of sleep opportunity and timing (n=50); or 2) typical sleep opportunity and timing (n=50). This research approach will accomplish three specific aims: 1) Evaluate the extent to which sleep duration and/or timing predict reward- and stress-related brain function, and moderate the effects of stressful life events; 2) Establish the extent to which sleep duration and/or timing affect reward- and stress-related brain function, and moderate the effects of stressful life events; and 3) Determine the extent to which changes in reward- or stress-related brain function mediate the associations between sleep duration and/or timing and alcohol use. The investigative team has expertise in the etiology and prevention of AUD in young adults, including specific expertise in the impact of sleep and stressful life events on the stress and reward systems that contribute to AUD. All three investigators are also licensed psychologists who are committed to translating research on the mechanisms of psychopathology to preventative interventions.

7。项目摘要/摘要 该提案的长期目标是：1）评估酒精使用障碍的生物行为模型 （AUD）在最近的高风险饮酒的年轻人中（≥4饮料/天或≥8/周，女性≥5饮料/天或≥5饮料 男性为15/周）和高终身暴露于压力源，2）利用睡眠和昼夜运动功能 促进心理健康。这些目标与国立国家研究所的两个关键优先事项一致 酒精滥用和酒精中毒（NIAAA）：1）确定aud机制，2）改善预防和 滥用酒精的治疗。拟议的睡眠持续时间和/或时机中等的aud正电子模型 压力性生活事件对高风险酒精使用的影响，通过破坏奖励和压力相关的大脑 功能。研究方法使用两种完整的研究设计来评估所提出的模型：1） 一项观察性研究（n = 150），该研究将评估短期和晚期睡眠预测以后的奖励的程度 - 以及与压力相关的脑功能和酒精的使用，以及2）实验研究（n = 100），该研究将评估 睡眠持续时间和时机在多大程度上影响奖励和压力相关的脑功能和饮酒。 样本包括年轻人（18-24岁），最近的高风险饮酒和高终身暴露 压力（≥20个终身压力和广告清单上的压力源）。招聘将分层为 睡眠短后的年轻人（工作日睡眠持续时间≤6h＆中点≥4am; n = 100）与长 和早期睡眠（工作日睡眠时间≥8H＆中点≤2:30AM; n = 50）。两项研究都包括测量 每天的睡眠和压力事件2周；随后的奖励和压力相关的实验室措施 大脑功能和睡眠和昼夜节律特征；和每天的自我报告饮酒措施 监视和2个月的随访。实验研究包括随机分配年轻人 从观察性研究到2周的短期睡眠：1）90分钟的延伸和前进 睡眠机会和时机（n = 50）;或2）典型的睡眠机会和时机（n = 50）。这种研究方法 将实现三个具体目标：1）评估睡眠持续时间和/或定时预测奖励的程度 - 和与压力相关的大脑功能，并减轻压力寿命事件的影响； 2）确定范围 哪个睡眠持续时间和/或时间影响与奖励和压力相关的大脑功能，并减轻 强调生活事件； 3）确定奖励或压力相关的大脑功能的变化程度 调解睡眠持续时间和/或时间和饮酒之间的关联。调查团队有 年轻人的病因和预防AUD的专业知识，包括针对影响的特定专业知识 在压力和奖励系统上的睡眠和压力性生活事件，导致AUD。这三个调查员 也是有执照的心理学家，他们致力于翻译有关机制的研究 预防干预措施的心理病理学。