PROJECT 10: DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH ENHANCEMENT IN CHILDREN

项目 10：儿童视听言语增强的发展

• 批准号: 10615018
• 负责人: Kaylah L Lalonde
• 金额: $ 16.99万
• 依托单位: FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10615018
• 关键词: 14 year old; 5 year old; Adult; Age; Attention; Auditory; Behavioral; Child; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication; Compensation; Complex; Cues; Detection; Development; Developmental Course; Disadvantaged; Educational Models; Environment; Goals; Habilitation; Infant; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Learning; Linguistics; Movement; Noise; Perception; Performance; Phonetics; Preparation; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Perception; Testing; Uncertainty; Visual; Work; age related; audiovisual speech; experience; hearing impairment; improved; language processing; lexical; multimodality; neural; neurophysiology; programs; skills; speech in noise; speech processing; visual speech

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT PROJECT 10: DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH ENHANCEMENT IN CHILDREN Children are at a disadvantage relative to adults when listening to speech that is degraded by auditory background noise. One highly robust cue that adults use to compensate for noisy environments is visual speech. The increased accuracy and efficiency of speech processing in the presence of visual speech is called audiovisual (AV) speech enhancement. In adults, these enhancements occur via two neutrally distinct mechanisms: a perceptual mechanism and a linguistic mechanism. Although a few studies have been undertaken to quantify AV speech enhancement in children, most researchers have overlooked the plurality of the mechanisms that underlie such enhancements. The long-term goal of my research program is to provide a cohesive theoretical account of the development of AV speech enhancement. The objective of the current proposal is to characterize the development of the perceptual and linguistic mechanisms that underlie AV speech enhancement. Aim 1 examines development of the perceptual mechanism of AV speech enhancement. It will evaluate the extent to which adults and 5- to 14-year-old children use visual temporal cues to predict the timing of onsets and peaks in the amplitude envelope of auditory speech, thereby improving detection and recognition of auditory speech in noise. It is hypothesized that children as young as 5 years old benefit from the perceptual mechanism of AV speech enhancement, such as simultaneous onsets, but that it takes longer to learn to use the ongoing correlations between the auditory and visual amplitude envelopes to precisely track connected auditory speech. Aim 2 examines development of the linguistic mechanism of AV speech enhancement. It evaluates the extent to which 5- to 14-year-old children apply visual phonetic knowledge to constrain phonetic interpretation. This aim will test the hypothesis that, with increasing age, children demonstrate increasingly detailed visual phonetic knowledge and consequent decreases in visually salient AV errors. I expect that ability to use visual speech to supplement phonetic interpretation will reach maturity later in development than the ability to use visual temporal cues to aid perceptual processing. The proposed research will address a critical gap in our understanding of how children use visual speech to compensate for adverse auditory conditions in the real world. Clinically, this work has profound implications for age-appropriate rehabilitation and education practices for children with hearing loss.

项目摘要/摘要 项目10：儿童的视听语音增强的发展 相对于成年人，儿童在听听的语音时处于不利地位 背景噪音。成年人用来补偿嘈杂环境的一种高度强大的提示是视觉 演讲。在视觉语音存在下，语音处理的准确性和效率提高称为 视听（AV）的演讲增强。在成年人中，这些增强通过两个中性不同 机制：一种感知机制和语言机制。虽然有一些研究 大多数研究人员都忽略了多个多种多样的儿童的AV语音增强 构成此类增强的机制。我的研究计划的长期目标是提供 关于AV语音增强的发展的凝聚力理论说明。电流的目的 建议是表征基于AV的感知和语言机制的发展 言语增强。 AIM 1检查了AV语音增强的感知机制的发展。 它将评估成年人和5至14岁儿童使用视觉时间提示来预测 在听觉演讲振幅封装中的围绕和峰的时间安排，从而改善了检测和 识别噪音中听觉演讲。假设5岁以下的儿童从中受益 AV语音增强的感知机制，例如同时发挥作用，但需要更长的时间 要学会使用听觉和视觉振幅信封之间的持续相关性来精确跟踪 连接的听觉演讲。 AIM 2检查AV语音的语言机制的发展 增强。它评估了5至14岁的儿童在多大程度上应用视觉语音知识 限制语音解释。这个目标将检验以下假设，即随着年龄的增长，儿童 展示了越来越详细的视觉语音知识，因此视觉上显着的AV降低了 错误。我希望使用视觉语音补充语音解释的能力将在以后达到成熟 发展比使用视觉时间提示的能力来帮助感知处理。拟议的研究 将解决我们对孩子如何使用视觉语音来弥补不利的关键差距 现实世界中的听觉条件。从临床上讲，这项工作对适合年龄的作用具有深远的影响 听力损失儿童的康复和教育实践。