Restoring Sight to the Blind: Neural Imaging with Retinal Prostheses

恢复盲人视力：使用视网膜假体进行神经成像

• 批准号: 10252897
• 负责人: Noelle Stiles
• 金额: $ 10.52万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-30 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10252897
• 关键词: Advisory Committees; Age related macular degeneration; Artificial Implants; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Basic Science; Biomedical Engineering; Blindness; Brain; Brain region; Case Study; Cell Survival; Cochlear Implants; Control Groups; Data; Data Collection; Devices; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Engineering; Evaluation; Exhibits; Eye; Faculty; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Head; Image; Imagination; Implant; Individual; Investigation; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mentors; Methods; Michigan; Microelectrodes; Motion Perception; Neurosciences; Ocular Prosthesis; Operative Surgical Procedures; Ophthalmology; Optic Chiasm; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Selection; Patient-Focused Outcomes; Patients; Perception; Phase; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Prosthesis; Prosthesis Implantation; Psychophysics; Recovery; Rehabilitation Outcome; Research; Retina; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Scanning; Selection Criteria; Sensory; Sensory Deprivation; Shapes; Sound Localization; Stimulus; Structure; Tactile; Testing; Therapeutic; Thick; Training; Translational Research; Universities; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception; Visual impairment; Visualization; Visually Impaired Persons; Work; behavior test; blind; career; deprivation; design; faculty research; falls; feeding; flexibility; functional outcomes; implantable device; implantation; improved; multimodality; neuroimaging; preimplantation; programs; relating to nervous system; restoration; retinal imaging; retinal prosthesis; sensory integration; sight for the blind; sight restoration; skills; stem cell gene therapy; tenure track; visual information; visual processing; visual stimulus

Project Summary – Restoring Sight to the Blind: Neural Imaging with Retinal Prostheses Retinal prostheses restore sight to the blind by electrically stimulating still viable cells in the retina. These devices consist of a microstimulator array attached to the retina that is driven by video input from a glasses-mounted camera. Retinal prostheses have been shown to restore basic visual functions such as the recognition of shapes and rudimentary navigation. However, patients show significant variability in visual skills, and currently fall short of expected visual capabilities. The postdoctoral research proposed in this study focuses on explaining these patient limitations by investigating the sensory reorganization that occurs during blindness. Neural reorganization during blindness enables auditory and tactile tasks to be processed in visual brain regions. This type of reorganization in brain sensory regions was shown to be a key limiting factor in the use of the cochlear implant for artificial audition. In Aims 1 and 2 of this proposal, Dr. Noelle Stiles will evaluate blindness- induced cortical reorganization and adaptation with neural imaging in retinal prosthesis patients, which in turn could allow for better selection of patients for visual restoration. Dr. Stiles’ postdoctoral work is also focused on investigating the interaction of artificial vision with the natural senses, such as audition. Her research has already shown that artificial vision influences auditory localization in ways similar to natural vision’s influence on audition. In Aim 3, she will expand this research to determine whether enhanced auditory and tactile perception developed during blindness are retained or reduced following the restoration of vision. This project will provide a more complete understanding of blind brain reorganization and the effects of artificial vision. Aim 1 will be completed during the K99 phase (pilot data collection is complete). Aims 2 and 3 will continue through the K99 and R00 phases, allowing for fellow training and data piloting. The proposed research is designed to prepare Dr. Stiles for successful transition to a tenure- track faculty position. She will receive training in structural neural imaging data collection, processing, and visualization from Prof. Yonggang Shi. She will also be trained in ophthalmological retinal imaging by her principal mentor Prof. Vivek R. Patel at USC, and in biomedical engineering by her co-mentor Prof. James D. Weiland at the University of Michigan. All of these fields are critical to the study of visual prostheses. She will be mentored by an advisory committee including Profs. Mark S. Humayun, Arthur W. Toga, and Yonggang Shi. Both USC and Michigan have retinal prosthesis implantation and behavioral testing programs involving clinicians, engineers, and visual neuroscientists, in addition to state of the art neuroimaging facilities, making them ideal locations for this research.

项目摘要 - 将视力恢复到盲人：带视网膜假体的神经成像 视网膜假体通过电气刺激在 视网膜。这些设备由视频驱动的视网膜上的微刺激器阵列组成 从玻璃安装的相机输入。视网膜假体已被证明可以恢复基本视觉 诸如识别形状和基本导航之类的功能。但是，患者显示 视觉技能的显着差异，目前缺乏预期的视觉功能。 本研究提出的博士后研究重点是解释这些患者的局限性 通过研究失明期间发生的感觉重组。神经重组 失明使视觉脑区域可以处理听觉和触觉任务。这类 脑感觉区域的重组被证明是使用人工耳蜗的关键限制因素 植入人造试镜。在该提案的目标1和2中，Noelle Stiles博士将评估失明 - 在视网膜假体患者中诱导皮质重组和对神经成像的适应 反过来，可以更好地选择患者进行视觉恢复。 Stiles博士的博士后工作还重点是研究人造视觉的相互作用 具有自然感，例如试镜。她的研究已经表明了人造视力 以类似于自然视觉对试听的影响的方式影响听觉定位。在AIM 3中，她 将扩大这项研究，以确定增强的听觉和触觉感知是否发展 恢复视力后，在失明期间保留或减少。该项目将提供一个 对盲脑重组和人造视力的影响更完整地了解。 AIM 1将在K99阶段完成（PILOT数据收集完成）。目标2和3 将继续贯穿K99和R00阶段，以进行同伴培训和数据驾驶。 拟议的研究旨在使Stiles博士成功过渡到任期 - 跟踪教师职位。她将接受结构神经成像数据收集，处理， 和Yonggang Shi教授的可视化。她还将接受眼科残留成像的培训 由她的主要导师Vivek R. Patel教授在南加州大学，在生物医学工程中 密歇根大学的詹姆斯·韦兰教授。所有这些领域对于视觉研究至关重要 假体。她将由包括教授在内的咨询委员会召集她。马克·汉雅（Mark S. Humayun），亚瑟 W. Toga和Yonggang Shi。南加州大学和密歇根州都有视网膜假体植入和 涉及临床医生，工程师和视觉神经科学家的行为测试计划， 最先进的神经影像设施，使其成为这项研究的理想位置。