Behavioral and Social Science Research to Optimize SARS-CoV-2 Protective Vaccine Uptake in Racial Minority Communities with High Rates of COVID-19

通过行为和社会科学研究优化 COVID-19 高发病率的少数族裔社区对 SARS-CoV-2 保护性疫苗的接种

• 批准号: 10273271
• 负责人: Yuri A Amirkhanian
• 金额: $ 63.93万
• 依托单位: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-19 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10273271
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; AIDS prevention; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adoption; African American; Age; Area; Attitude; Awareness; Barbering; Behavioral; Belief; Biomedical Research; COVID-19; COVID-19 diagnosis; COVID-19 disparity; COVID-19 mortality; COVID-19 prevention; COVID-19 vaccination; COVID-19 vaccine; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cities; Code; Collaborations; Color; Communities; Community Outreach; Country; County; Data; Disease; Economics; Educational Intervention; Enrollment; Ensure; Evaluation; Family member; Federally Qualified Health Center; Feedback; Focus Groups; Friends; Fright; Gender; Hair; Health; Health Personnel; Individual; Influenza; Influenza vaccination; Insurance; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Life; Link; Low income; Measures; Medical; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; Music; Nail plate; Neighborhood Health Center; Neighborhoods; Peer Group; Persons; Phase; Population; Prevention Research; Primary Health Care; Provider; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Respondent; Risk; SARS-CoV-2 infection; Sampling; Scientist; Self Efficacy; Social Network; Source; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Transportation; Trust; United States; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Wisconsin; Woman; Work; acceptability and feasibility; base; behavioral/social science; care providers; community engaged research; community intervention; community organizations; experience; health belief; health inequalities; implementation science; inner city; innovation; medical schools; member; men; minority communities; older men; older women; peer; prevent; racial disparity; racial minority; recruit; scale up; social; social media; social science research; social stigma; stressor; theories; uptake; vaccine acceptance; vaccine development; virtual; virtual delivery; young man

ABSTRACT Intensive efforts are underway to develop a vaccine protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and hope is high that a safe and effective vaccine will soon be available. However, development of a vaccine does not ensure its uptake on the scale needed to bring COVID-19 under control. In the United States, communities of color are disproportionately burdened by COVID-19 diagnosis, serious illness, and death. However, experience in areas such as influenza vaccination portends that COVID-19 vaccine uptake will be lower in African American communities hard-hit by the disease. Racial disparities in influenza vaccination have been linked to individual factors (including low vaccine awareness, medical mistrust, fears and vaccine skepticism); structural barriers (such as not having an accessible primary health care provider); peer group norms that do not sufficiently support getting vaccinated; and social, economic, and life stressors that contribute to many health inequities. Similar but also unique factors are likely to undermine acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in racial minority communities. Community-engaged research must be undertaken now—and at a point before a vaccine is widely available—to understand and address community concerns and to develop strategies to prevent racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake. The planned research will be undertaken in Milwaukee by a team of behavioral and social scientists in a collaboration with an established federally qualified community health center serving low-income inner-city residents. The research will use mixed methods to identify minority community concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination; to determine factors that influence strength of community members’ intentions to vaccinate; and to pilot test and establish the feasibility and acceptability of a virtually-delivered intervention that engages community social influencers to address vaccine concerns and endorse vaccine benefits within their social networks. The work will be undertaken in an accelerated manner in three distinct but interrelated phases, all with samples diverse in age and gender: (1) focus groups conducted with 160 African American inner-city community members to elicit COVID-19 vaccine beliefs; perceived risks, benefits, and norms; and factors that would impede or facilitate vaccination; (2) an online quantitative survey study that will enroll 700 community members from zip codes with greatest SARS-CoV-2 rates and will measure respondents’ intentions to vaccinate and test the influence on those intentions of theory-based predictors including perceived COVID-19 threat; perceived vaccination benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy, as well as identifying preferred settings for vaccination; and (3) a feasibility and acceptability pilot test of a virtually-delivered intervention that trains and enlists personally-known and trusted neighborhood social influencers to address the COVID-19 vaccination concerns of their friends, family members, neighbors, coworkers, and social media followers, and that supports informed decisions about vaccination. This research will characterize vaccine concerns and identify strategies that can optimize vaccine uptake in racial minority communities vulnerable to COVID-19.

抽象的 正在进行密集的努力，以开发一种保护免受SARS-COV-2感染的疫苗，并希望 很快就会提供安全有效的疫苗。但是，疫苗的开发不会 确保其吸收量表使Covid-19受到控制所需的规模。在美国，社区 Covid-19诊断，严重疾病和死亡的颜色不成比例地燃烧。但是，经验 在诸如影响力疫苗等地区，非裔美国人的疫苗摄取量将较低 社区受到这种疾病的困扰。影响力疫苗接种中的种族分布已与个人有关 因素（包括低疫苗意识，医疗不信任，恐惧和疫苗怀疑）；结构障碍 （例如没有可访问的初级保健提供者）；同行组规范不够 支持接种疫苗；以及导致许多健康不平等的社会，经济和生活压力源。 类似但独特的因素可能会破坏少数族裔疫苗接种的疫苗接种 社区。现在必须进行社区参与的研究，并且在疫苗广泛存在之前 可用 - 了解和解决社区的关注并制定防止种族的策略 COVID-19疫苗接种摄取的差异。计划的研究将由一个团队在密尔沃基进行 行为和社会科学家与既定的联邦合格社区健康中心合作 服务低收入内城居民。该研究将使用混合方法来识别少数民族社区 对COVID-19疫苗接种的担忧；确定影响社区成员力量的因素 疫苗接种的意图；并试行测试并确定虚拟交付的可行性和可接受性 与社区社会影响者联系以解决疫苗问题并认可疫苗的干预措施 他们的社交网络中的好处。这项工作将以三种不同的方式加速进行，但 相互关联的阶段，全部与年龄和性别的样本潜水员：（1）与160个非洲人进行的焦点小组 美国市中心社区成员引起了Covid-19疫苗的信念；感知的风险，福利和 规范；以及会阻碍或促进疫苗的因素； （2）在线定量调查研究将 从SARS-COV-2率最高的邮政编码中注册700名社区成员，并将衡量受访者的 疫苗接种和测试对基于理论预测因素的意图的影响，包括感知到的 COVID-19威胁；感知的疫苗益处，障碍和自我效能感，并确定首选 疫苗接种设置； （3）对几乎保留干预的可行性和可接受性试验测试 火车和吸引个人知名和值得信赖的社区社会影响者来解决COVID-19 他们的朋友，家人，邻居，同事和社交媒体追随者的疫苗接种问题，以及 这支持有关疫苗的知情决定。这项研究将表征疫苗的问题并确定 可以优化少数群体疫苗吸收的策略，这些疫苗少数群体很容易受到COVID-19的影响。