Experimental evidence on the relationship between income and health

收入与健康关系的实验证据

• 批准号: 10587123
• 负责人: Alexander Wickman Bartik
• 金额: $ 60.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-15 至 2028-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10587123
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Aftercare; Anxiety; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Biological Markers; Blood; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-reactive protein; COVID-19 pandemic; Caring; Characteristics; Cholesterol; Cities; Commuting; Consent; Control Groups; Country; Disease; Economics; Education; Eligibility Determination; Emergency department visit; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Evaluation; Exercise; Food; Glycosylated Hemoglobin; Health; Health Benefit; Health Services Accessibility; Health behavior; Healthcare; Height; Hospitalization; Housing; Incidence; Income; Individual; Intervention; Life; Link; Longterm Follow-up; Low income; Measures; Medical; Mental Depression; Mental Health; National Health Interview Survey; Nature; Neighborhoods; Nonprofit Organizations; Nutritional; Outcome; Outcome Assessment; Outcome Measure; Participant; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Physical activity; Policies; Policy Maker; Preventive care; Proxy; Public Health; Random Allocation; Randomized; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Records; Reporting; Research; Research Support; Role; Sampling; Services; Sleep; Social Sciences; Spottings; Stress; Surveys; Time; Training; Variant; Weight; Work; coronavirus disease; diabetes risk; diaries; food security; health knowledge; improved; mortality; nutrition; payment; physical conditioning; population health; poverty alleviation; professional atmosphere; programs; sleep quality; substance use; tool; treatment group

Project Summary The correlation between health and income is one of the most persistent observations in the social sciences, supported by research across countries, demographic groups, and time periods. The relationship between income and health is large, emerges early in life, and is present across many indicators considered proxies for health. Despite the striking nature of the association, there is relatively little evidence in the U.S. context on whether income has a causal impact on health outcomes, and less information on what mechanisms may be responsible for such a causal relationship if one exists. Income and health may be correlated because higher income has a direct impact on health (e.g., by allowing individuals to purchase medical care), or health may directly affect income (e.g., because poor health makes it difficult to work). It may also be the case that a third factor—such as education—influences both income and health, driving the observed correlation between the variables. Without the ability to randomize variation in income, discerning the true nature of this relationship is difficult. We propose to provide new evidence from a large-scale, randomized intervention in the U.S. on the relationship between income and mental and physical health through a randomized evaluation of a sustained unconditional cash transfer program being implemented by two non-profit organizations. This program will randomly assign participants to a treatment group that receives $1,000 per month or to a control group that receives $50. Both groups will receive the transfer monthly for three years. We will examine treatment/control differences to estimate the effect of the additional income on behaviors and environmental factors (e.g., nutrition, food security, exercise, substance use, sleep quality, and neighborhood characteristics) that could affect longer-term health outcomes (Aim 1) and on medical care access and utilization (Aim 2). In order to understand the effect of the increase in income on health, we will assess treatment/control differences in subjective measures of physical and mental health as well as blood pressure, height, weight, and blood spots that can be analyzed to provide cholesterol, A1c (a measure of glycated hemoglobin that indicates diabetes risk), and C-reactive protein (Aim 3). We will measure the outcomes associated with these aims using a combination of in person and online survey questions, nutrition diaries (ASA 24), time diaries, and biomarkers collected in person by trained enumerators. We will also conduct long term follow up after the end of the payments. This study will provide groundbreaking, policy-relevant new information on the impact of income on health, healthy behaviors, and well-being.

项目摘要 健康与收入之间的相关性是社会科学中最持久的观察之一， 在各个国家，人口群体和时间段之间的研究支持。之间的关系 收入和健康很大，生命的早期出现，并且在许多指标中都存在。 健康。尽管协会具有惊人的性质，但在美国的情况下，证据相对较少 收入是否对健康结果有因果影响，以及有关哪些机制的信息较少 如果存在，则负责这种因果关系。收入和健康可能相关，因为更高 收入对健康有直接影响（例如，通过允许个人购买医疗服务），或者健康可以 直接影响伤害（例如，由于健康状况不佳，很难工作）。也可能是第三 因素 - 像教育一样 - 收入和健康，推动了观察到的相关性 变量。没有能力随机收入变异，辨别这种关系的真实本质是 难的。我们建议在美国进行大规模，随机干预的新证据 收入与精神和身体健康之间的关系通过对持续的随机评估 两个非营利组织正在实施无条件的现金转移计划。这个程序将 将参与者随机分配给一个每月收到$ 1,000的治疗小组或 收到$ 50。两组将每月收到三年的转会。我们将检查治疗/对照 估计额外收入对行为和环境因素的影响的差异（例如 营养，粮食安全，运动，物质使用，睡眠质量和邻里特征） 影响长期健康成果（AIM 1）以及医疗访问和利用（AIM 2）。为了 了解收入增加对健康的影响，我们将评估治疗/控制差异 身体和心理健康以及血压，身高，体重和血液点的主观测量 可以分析以提供胆固醇，A1c（一种指示糖尿病风险的糖化血红蛋白的度量）和 C反应蛋白（AIM 3）。我们将使用IN组合来衡量与这些目标相关的结果 人和在线调查问题，营养日记（ASA 24），时间日记和亲自收集的生物标志物 通过训练有素的枚举者。我们还将在付款结束后进行长期随访。这项研究会 提供有关感染对健康，健康行为影响的开创性，与政策相关的新信息， 和幸福。