Sensory and Control Mechanisms of Temporal Attention

时间注意力的感觉和控制机制

• 批准号: 10571688
• 负责人: Michael Lewis Epstein
• 金额: $ 6.95万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10571688
• 关键词: Affect; Aging; Anatomy; Architecture; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebellar degeneration; Complex; Computer Models; Cues; Data; Disease; Ensure; Experimental Designs; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Heterogeneity; Human; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Link; Literature; Maps; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Pattern; Perception; Population; Process; Psychophysics; Recovery; Research; Resolution; Resources; Role; Sensory; Stimulus; Structure; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Update; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual attention; area striata; attentional control; attentional modulation; candidate identification; clinical application; clinically relevant; design; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; imaging modality; improved; interest; neglect; neural; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel strategies; predictive modeling; response; retinotopic; temporal measurement; theories; tool; visual information; visual neuroscience; visual processing

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Visual attention, the ability to select relevant information for prioritized processing, is a fundamental mechanism for parsing a complex visual world. Importantly, attention is dynamic, acting across time to prioritize information at behaviorally relevant moments, a process known as temporal attention. Although we know that temporal attention affects visual perception, the neural mechanisms underlying temporal attention have been little investigated. Specifically, it remains unknown 1) where in the human brain temporal attention influences visual processing and 2) what cortical networks control the allocation of visual temporal attention. Here I propose to investigate the sensory and control mechanisms of temporal attention using contemporary methods in human visual neuroscience. The high spatial resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) makes it an ideal tool for investigating the roles of specific cortical areas; however, its slow temporal resolution has obscured its potential value in studies of temporal attention. To circumvent this limitation, in Aim 1 I will use decoding together with a tailored experimental design to determine where in the visual cortex temporal attention modulates sensory processing. In Aim 2 I will use individual-observer mapping to identify control networks that guide temporal attention and further analyze regions of interest to distinguish between possible control mechanisms. In Aim 3 I will use the data collected in Aims 1 and 2 to test predictions of a recently introduced dynamic normalization model of temporal attention and, if warranted, update its architecture and parameters to better predict the neuroimaging data. Together these experiments and modeling will advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of temporal attention as well as our computational theories of dynamic attention. Understanding these basic mechanisms is relevant for clinical populations with impairments in visual temporal attention, including individuals with ADHD, neglect, and cerebellar degeneration.

项目摘要/摘要 视觉关注，选择相关信息以优先处理的能力，是一种基本机制 用于解析复杂的视觉世界。重要的是，注意力是动态的，在时间上行动以确定信息的优先级 在行为相关的时刻，这一过程被称为时间关注。虽然我们知道那个时间 注意影响视觉感知，暂时关注的神经机制几乎没有 调查。具体而言，它仍然未知1）在人脑中的时间关注会影响视觉 处理和2）哪些皮质网络控制视觉时间关注的分配。我建议在这里 使用人类中的当代方法研究时间关注的感觉和控制机制 视觉神经科学。功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的高空间分辨率使其成为 研究特定皮质区域的作用的理想工具；但是，其缓慢的时间分辨率掩盖了 它在时间关注研究中的潜在价值。为了规避这一限制，在AIM 1中，我将使用解码 连同量身定制的实验设计，以确定在视觉皮层中的时间注意调节中的位置 感官处理。在AIM 2中，我将使用个人观察者映射来识别指导的控制网络 时间关注和进一步分析感兴趣的区域，以区分可能的控制机制。 在AIM 3中，我将使用AIM 1和2中收集的数据测试最近引入的动态的预测 时间关注的归一化模型，如果有必要，则将其体系结构和参数更新为更好 预测神经影像学数据。这些实验和建模将共同提高我们对 时间关注的神经机制以及我们动态注意力的计算理论。 了解这些基本机制与视觉时间障碍的临床种群有关 注意，包括患有多动症，忽视和小脑变性的人。