Anatomical, neural, and computational constraints on sensory cross-modal plasticity following early blindness

早期失明后感觉跨模态可塑性的解剖学、神经学和计算限制

• 批准号: 10570400
• 负责人: Woon Ju Park
• 金额: $ 12.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10570400
• 关键词: Adult; Anatomy; Area; Arithmetic; Auditory; Award; Behavioral; Blindness; Brain; Brain region; Compensation; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Environment; Equilibrium; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Individual; Learning; Link; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mentors; Modality; Modeling; Motion; Neuroanatomy; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurotransmitters; Noise; Outcome; Perception; Performance; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Reading; Recycling; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Rest; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Techniques; Testing; Tissues; Training; Universities; Vision; Visual Motion; Visually Impaired Persons; Washington; Work; auditory stimulus; blind; density; design; diffusion weighted; experience; flexibility; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; neural; neurochemistry; novel; programs; recruit; response; sensory cortex; skills; spatiotemporal; spectroscopic imaging; visual deprivation; visual process; white matter

Project Summary/Abstract Early blindness results in dramatic neuroplasticity within the human brain; anatomical and functional organization is altered at almost every level, ranging from neurotransmitter balance to neural function. I plan to combine psychophysics, computational functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion-weighted MR imaging (dMRI), and MR spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate the anatomical, neural, and computational constraints of plasticity following early blindness. This proposal is driven by the hypothesis that cortical plasticity resulting from early blindness may share many of the same underlying mechanisms as ‘neuronal recycling, whereby the development of novel cortical functions (such as reading in sighted individuals) relies on the ‘recycling’ of evolutionarily older circuits that originally evolved for different, but similar, functions. I plan to examine this idea in the context of cross-modal plasticity within the visual motion area hMT+. Area hMT+, which processes visual motion in sighted individuals, responds selectively to auditory motion in early blind individuals. In Aim 1, using a combination of dMRI and fMRI, I will examine if the cross-modal responses to auditory motion within hMT+ in early blind individuals co-localizes with pre-existing anatomical connectivity between hMT+ and the auditory motion area right planum temporale (rPT). In Aim 2, I will test the hypothesis that auditory motion processing in EB is influenced by the spatiotemporal tuning within hMT+, using a combination of psychophysics and fMRI. In Aim 2, I will also examine whether the recruitment of hMT+ for auditory motion processing in early blind individuals results in a loss of sensitivity to auditory motion in rPT. Finally, in Aim 3, using a combination of psychophysics and fMRI, I will see if auditory motion responses in hMT+ can be explained by a classic model of divisive normalization that has been extensively used to model hMT+ visual motion responses in sighted individuals. By including MRS GABA measurements, I will further test whether the lower signal to noise associated with auditory rather than visual motion input results in an adaptive reduction in suppression, mediated by lower GABA concentrations. The training will focus on computational fMRI, dMRI, and MRS, which will augment my background in characterizing diverse human perceptual experiences using psychophysics and modeling. My mentors at the University of Washington (Drs. Ione Fine, Ariel Rokem, and Scott Murray) will provide excellent training in all the techniques used in this proposal. The award will provide an important opportunity for me to uniquely position myself in the field as an independent researcher with a strong research program that investigates the neuroanatomical basis of plasticity following visual deprivation.

项目摘要/摘要 早期失明会导致人脑内部的神经可塑性戏剧性。解剖学和功能组织 从几乎每个级别都改变，从神经递质平衡到神经功能。我打算结合 心理物理学，计算功能磁共振成像（fMRI），扩散加权MR成像 （DMRI）和MR光谱法（MRS），以研究的解剖，神经和计算约束 早期失明后的可塑性。该提议是由以下假设驱动的。 早期失明可能具有与“神经元回收”相同的许多潜在机制，从而 新型皮质功能的发展（例如在视线中阅读）依赖于 最初以不同但相似功能进化的进化较旧电路。 我计划在视觉运动区域HMT+内的跨模式可塑性的背景下检查这个想法。区域 HMT+处理视觉个体的视觉运动，在早期盲人中有选择地对听觉运动做出了反应 在AIM 1中，使用DMRI和fMRI的组合，我将检查跨模式的响应是否 早期盲人中HMT+内的听觉运动与已有的解剖连通性共定位 在HMT+和听觉运动区域右Planum Planum Planum（RPT）之间。在AIM 2中，我将检验假设 EB中的听觉运动处理受HMT+内的时空调谐的影响，使用A 心理物理学和fMRI的组合。在AIM 2中，我还将检查是否招募HMT+ 早期盲人的听觉运动处理导致对RPT中听觉运动的敏感性丧失。 最后，在AIM 3中，使用心理物理学和fMRI的组合，我将看到HMT+中的听觉运动反应是否 可以通过经典的分裂归一化模型来解释，该模型已广泛用于建模HMT+ 视觉运动中的视觉运动反应。通过包括GABA夫人的测量，我将进一步测试是否是否 与听觉而不是视觉运动输入相关的噪声的较低信号导致自适应降低 在抑制中，由较低的GABA浓度介导。 培训将重点放在计算fMRI，DMRI和MRS上，这将增强我的背景 用心理物理学和建模来表征潜水员的人类感知体验。我的导师在 华盛顿大学（Ione -Fine博士，Ariel Rokem和Scott Murray）将在所有方面提供出色的培训 该提案中使用的技术。该奖项将为我提供独特地位的重要机会 我自己是一项强大的研究计划的独立研究人员，该计划调查了 视觉剥夺后可塑性的神经解剖学基础。