Using polyneuro risk scores to understand the relationship between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage, neurobehavioral deviations, and problematic substance use

使用多神经风险评分来了解儿童社会经济劣势、神经行为偏差和有问题的物质使用之间的关系

• 批准号: 10570617
• 负责人: Jonathan Drew Schaefer
• 金额: $ 16.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-15 至 2023-05-16
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10570617
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Behavioral; Berry; Brain; COVID-19 pandemic; Cannabis; Categories; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Data; Development; Disadvantaged; Emotional; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Etiology; Exposure to; Family; Family Research; Frequencies; Goals; Guide prevention; Health; Health Disparities Research; Illicit Drugs; Income; Individual; Individual Differences; Inequality; Informal Social Control; Intercept; Intervention; Investigation; K-Series Research Career Programs; Life; Link; Longitudinal cohort study; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator; Mentors; Minnesota; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nature; Neighborhoods; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Population; Poverty; Prevention; Psychosocial Factor; Public Health; Race; Research; Research Support; Resources; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Scientist; Skin; Socioeconomic Status; Structure; Substance Addiction; Techniques; Testing; Training; Twin Multiple Birth; Work; Youth; alcohol related consequences; behavior influence; behavioral health; brain based; brain circuitry; cognitive control; cognitive development; cohort; deprivation; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority; experience; genome wide association study; health disparity; indexing; low socioeconomic status; marginalization; minority children; morphometry; multimodality; neural; neural network; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; novel; polygenic risk score; preadolescence; prospective; racial disparity; racial minority; racial population; reward processing; social; social disparities; socioeconomic disadvantage; socioeconomic disparity; socioeconomics; stressor; substance use; theories; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Substance use is a major public health concern that disproportionately affects individuals from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. Although part of this association is attributable to downward socioeconomic mobility among individuals who develop problematic patterns of use, emerging evidence suggests that part may also reflect disadvantage-driven changes in brain development that increase risk of use and negative use-related outcomes. However, because much of the research supporting this hypothesized pathway is cross-sectional in nature, characterized by limited measurement of relevant constructs, and conducted in disproportionately White, middle-/upper-class samples, the utility of targeting this pathway with intervention/prevention efforts is unclear. The aims of the proposed career development award are thus twofold: (1) to train the candidate in the use of geospatial tools and related statistical techniques, neuroimaging approaches to characterizing distributed changes in brain structure and function, and theory and principles from health disparities research, and (2) to use this training to test for associations between childhood socioeconomic status, brain structure and connectivity, and substance use trajectories that generalize across racial/ethnic groups using three population-representative, longitudinal cohort studies. The candidate will receive training essential for his development as an independent research scientist under the guidance of an outstanding team of mentors and consultants with extensive experience studying socioeconomic status, brain development, self-regulation, health disparities, and substance use (Drs. Sylia Wilson, Monica Luciana, Damien Fair, Shervin Assari, Martha Farah, and Daniel Berry). The research will be conducted at the Institute of Child Development (ICD) and Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR), which together offer unparalleled resources to support work identifying the neural and behavioral mediators connecting children’s early-life environments and later substance use. Altogether, the candidate will address four specific aims: (1) test whether children from low SES backgrounds are more likely to develop problematic substance use trajectories and establish whether these associations generalize across different types of substance use; (2) test whether low childhood SES is associated with individual differences in brain structure and resting-state functional connectivity across distributed networks associated with self-regulatory abilities (i.e., cognitive control, reward sensitivity, negative emotionality); (3) test whether these differences in distributed neural networks mediate associations between low childhood SES and substance use trajectories; and (4) test whether the strength of these associations differ for racial/ethnic minority vs. White children in accordance with the notion of marginalization-related diminished returns. Results of the proposed project have great potential to prompt reconceptualization of brain-based models of substance use and addiction, and, in turn, guide prevention and intervention efforts to reduce an important behavioral health disparity.

项目摘要/摘要 药物使用是一个主要的公共卫生问题，对较低的个人影响不成比例 社会经济地位（SES）背景。尽管该关联的一部分归因于向下 发展有问题的使用模式，新兴证据的个人之间的社会经济流动性 表明部分可能还反映了大脑发育中灾难驱动的变化，以增加使用风险 和与使用相关的结果。但是，因为许多支持这一假设的研究 途径本质上是横截面的，其特征是对相关结构的测量有限，并且 以不成比例的白色，中产阶级/上层样本进行 干预/预防工作尚不清楚。因此，提议的职业发展奖的目的是 双重：（1）训练候选人使用地理空间工具和相关统计技术，神经影像学 表征大脑结构和功能分布式变化的方法，理论和原理 从健康差异研究，以及（2）使用此培训来测试儿童之间的关联 社会经济地位，大脑结构和连通性以及跨越跨越的物质使用轨迹 种族/族裔群体使用三个人口代表性的纵向队列研究。候选人会 在他作为独立研究科学家发展至关重要的培训的指导下 杰出的导师和顾问团队具有丰富研究社会经济地位的丰富经验，大脑 发展，自我调节，健康差异和物质使用（莫妮卡·卢西亚纳（Monica Luciana）的Sylia Wilson博士， 达米安·费尔（Damien Fair），舍文·阿萨里（Shervin Assari），玛莎·法拉（Martha Farah）和丹尼尔·贝瑞（Daniel Berry）。该研究将在研究所进行 儿童发展（ICD）和明尼苏达州双胞胎和家庭研究中心（MCTFR）共同 提供无与伦比的资源来支持识别连接神经和行为媒介的工作 儿童的早期生活环境和后期使用物质。候选人总共解决了四个特定的 目的：（1）测试来自低SES背景的儿童是否更有可能发展有问题的底物 使用轨迹并确定这些关联是否跨越不同类型的物质使用； （2）测试低童年SES是否与大脑结构和静止状态的个体差异有关 与自我调节能力相关的分布式网络之间的功能连通性（即认知 控制，奖励灵敏度，负面情绪）； （3）测试分布式神经元的这些差异是否存在 网络介导低童年SE和物质使用轨迹之间的关联； （4）测试 这些协会的力量在种族/族裔少数民族与白人儿童的力量是否有所不同 边缘化相关的概念减少了回报。拟议项目的结果有很大的潜力 迅速重新概念化基于大脑的物质使用和成瘾模型，然后指导 预防和干预措施降低重要的行为健康差异。