Using polyneuro risk scores to understand the relationship between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage, neurobehavioral deviations, and problematic substance use

使用多神经风险评分来了解儿童社会经济劣势、神经行为偏差和有问题的物质使用之间的关系

• 批准号: 10570617
• 负责人: Jonathan Drew Schaefer
• 金额: $ 16.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-15 至 2023-05-16
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10570617
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Behavioral; Berry; Brain; COVID-19 pandemic; Cannabis; Categories; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Data; Development; Disadvantaged; Emotional; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Etiology; Exposure to; Family; Family Research; Frequencies; Goals; Guide prevention; Health; Health Disparities Research; Illicit Drugs; Income; Individual; Individual Differences; Inequality; Informal Social Control; Intercept; Intervention; Investigation; K-Series Research Career Programs; Life; Link; Longitudinal cohort study; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator; Mentors; Minnesota; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nature; Neighborhoods; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Population; Poverty; Prevention; Psychosocial Factor; Public Health; Race; Research; Research Support; Resources; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Scientist; Skin; Socioeconomic Status; Structure; Substance Addiction; Techniques; Testing; Training; Twin Multiple Birth; Work; Youth; alcohol related consequences; behavior influence; behavioral health; brain based; brain circuitry; cognitive control; cognitive development; cohort; deprivation; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority; experience; genome wide association study; health disparity; indexing; low socioeconomic status; marginalization; minority children; morphometry; multimodality; neural; neural network; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; novel; polygenic risk score; preadolescence; prospective; racial disparity; racial minority; racial population; reward processing; social; social disparities; socioeconomic disadvantage; socioeconomic disparity; socioeconomics; stressor; substance use; theories; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Substance use is a major public health concern that disproportionately affects individuals from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. Although part of this association is attributable to downward socioeconomic mobility among individuals who develop problematic patterns of use, emerging evidence suggests that part may also reflect disadvantage-driven changes in brain development that increase risk of use and negative use-related outcomes. However, because much of the research supporting this hypothesized pathway is cross-sectional in nature, characterized by limited measurement of relevant constructs, and conducted in disproportionately White, middle-/upper-class samples, the utility of targeting this pathway with intervention/prevention efforts is unclear. The aims of the proposed career development award are thus twofold: (1) to train the candidate in the use of geospatial tools and related statistical techniques, neuroimaging approaches to characterizing distributed changes in brain structure and function, and theory and principles from health disparities research, and (2) to use this training to test for associations between childhood socioeconomic status, brain structure and connectivity, and substance use trajectories that generalize across racial/ethnic groups using three population-representative, longitudinal cohort studies. The candidate will receive training essential for his development as an independent research scientist under the guidance of an outstanding team of mentors and consultants with extensive experience studying socioeconomic status, brain development, self-regulation, health disparities, and substance use (Drs. Sylia Wilson, Monica Luciana, Damien Fair, Shervin Assari, Martha Farah, and Daniel Berry). The research will be conducted at the Institute of Child Development (ICD) and Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR), which together offer unparalleled resources to support work identifying the neural and behavioral mediators connecting children’s early-life environments and later substance use. Altogether, the candidate will address four specific aims: (1) test whether children from low SES backgrounds are more likely to develop problematic substance use trajectories and establish whether these associations generalize across different types of substance use; (2) test whether low childhood SES is associated with individual differences in brain structure and resting-state functional connectivity across distributed networks associated with self-regulatory abilities (i.e., cognitive control, reward sensitivity, negative emotionality); (3) test whether these differences in distributed neural networks mediate associations between low childhood SES and substance use trajectories; and (4) test whether the strength of these associations differ for racial/ethnic minority vs. White children in accordance with the notion of marginalization-related diminished returns. Results of the proposed project have great potential to prompt reconceptualization of brain-based models of substance use and addiction, and, in turn, guide prevention and intervention efforts to reduce an important behavioral health disparity.

项目摘要/摘要 药物使用是一个主要的公共卫生问题，该关注者统计会影响较低的个人 社会经济地位（SES）背景。 发展有问题的使用模式，新兴证据的个人之间的社会经济流动性 表明部分可能还反映了不利的大脑发育变化，以增加使用风险 和与使用相关的结果。 途径本质上是横截面的，其特征是对相关结构的测量有限，并且 在无替代的白色，中产阶级/上层样品中进行的，用与此途径有关的实用性。 因此，间隔/预防效力尚不清楚。 双重：（1）在地理空间工具和依赖静态技术的USSE中训练候选人，神经影像学 表征大脑结构和功能分布式变化的方法，理论和原理 从健康差异研究和（2）使用培训测试来进行童年之间的关联 社会经济地位，大脑结构和连通性以及跨越跨越的物质使用轨迹 种族/族裔群体使用三个人口研究 在他作为独立研究科学家发展至关重要的培训的指导下 杰出的导师和顾问团队，拥有丰富的经验，他们研究社会经济性Staitus，大脑 发展，自我调节，健康差异和药物使用（Sylia Wilson，Monica Luciana， Damien Fair，Shervin Assari，Martha Farah和Daniel Berry）将在研究所进行。 儿童发展（ICD）和明尼苏达州双胞胎和家庭研究中心（MCTFR）共同 提供非平行的资源来支持工作确定识别连接神经和行为媒介 儿童的早期环境和后来的物质使用。 目的：（1）测试来自SES背景的孩子是否更多地开发了原始物质 使用轨迹并确定这些关联是否跨越不同类型的物质使用； （2）测试少于童年的SES是否与脑结构和静止状态的个体差异相关 分散的网络之间的功能连通性与自我恢复能力相关（即认知能力 控制，奖励灵敏度，负面情绪）； 网络介导低童年和物质使用轨迹之间的关联； 白色，根据种族/族裔少数民族与白人儿童的不同力量不同。 边缘化相关的概念减少了该项目的结果。 迅速重新概念化基于大脑的物质使用和添加模型，然后指导 预防和干预预防，以减少重要的行为健康差异。