Predictors of Pathological Gambling among African-American Young Adults

非裔美国年轻人病态赌博的预测因素

• 批准号: 7776830
• 负责人: Silvia Saboia Martins
• 金额: $ 24.15万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7776830
• 关键词: 16 year old; 21 year old; Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Age; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Anxiety; Area; Baltimore; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Characteristics; Charities; Childhood; Cities; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials Design; Conduct Disorder; Data; Databases; Dependence; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Educational Background; Electronics; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Equation; Equus caballus; Exposure to; Female; Funding; Future; Gambling; Gender; General Population; Generations; Geographic state; Growth; Habits; Hyperactive behavior; Impulsivity; Incidence; Intervention Trial; Learning; Legal; Life; Light; Logistic Regressions; Longitudinal Studies; Maryland; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Minority; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Institute of Mental Health; National Research Council; Natural History; Neighborhoods; Parents; Pathological Gambling; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plant Roots; Population; Prejudice; Prevalence; Prevention Research; Prevention strategy; Primary Schools; Problem behavior; Prospective Studies; Race; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk-Taking; Sampling; Schools; Sports; Stress; Students; Substance Use Disorder; Surveys; Survival Analysis; System; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Travel; Universities; Violence; Work; Youth; adolescent drug use; adolescent substance abuse; base; clinically significant; cohort; demographics; effective intervention; emerging adult; first grade; male; population based; psychologic; public health relevance; racism; social skills; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Little is known about gambling and problem/pathological gambling among minority populations in the U.S. The objectives of this study are to: 1) estimate prevalence and incidence rates of gambling and gambling problems (problem and pathological gambling) among an epidemiologic sample of African-American young adults and assess changes in the association between basic demographic characteristics and neighborhood ecological factors (neighborhood disadvantage, lifetime racism/prejudice, social competence, exposure to violence and opportunity to gamble) with gambling and gambling problems at age 21 as compared to associations found at age 17, age 19, and age 20; 2) identify different trajectories of aggressive behaviors, hyperactivity and impulsivity at childhood and adolescence and test whether specific trajectories are associated with increased risk of gambling and gambling problems in young adulthood, exploring whether neighborhood factors influence these trajectories; 3) identify different late-adolescent and young adult trajectories of gambling behavior; 4) test whether past-year precipitating stress is associated with gambling and gambling problems in young adulthood and estimate the strength of these associations; 5) assess bi-directional pathways between tobacco, alcohol, and drug involvement and psychiatric disorders with gambling and problem/pathological gambling; 6) describe the evolving natural history of gambling involvement and development of gambling disorders by following the time course of clinical features associated with gambling. We use data from an ongoing longitudinal study, the second generation of a preventative intervention trial designed by the Baltimore Prevention Research Center (BPRC) at Johns Hopkins University. Logistic regression models and conditional logistic regression models will be used to address aims 1, 4 and 5. Logistic regression and general growth mixture models (GGMM) will identify different trajectories of childhood and adolescent aggressive behaviors, hyperactivity and impulsivity and test whether specific trajectories of these behaviors/disorders predict gambling problems in young- adulthood; as well as identify different gambling trajectories. Survival analysis, Latent Transition Analyses and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) will identify distinctive features of early gambling problems that may promote earlier differentiation of who will or will not progress to clinically significant pathological gambling. This study can contribute to the development of prevention strategies that target a decrease in gambling-related problems as well as to the development of effective intervention and treatment for those who develop problems related to gambling. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will shed light in the understanding of neighborhood ecological influences on gambling behaviors, in childhood antecedents of gambling and gambling problems, and in bi-directional pathways between gambling/gambling problems with substance use and psychiatric disorders in a sample of urban African-American adolescents and young adults.

描述（由申请人提供）：对美国少数族裔中的赌博和问题/病态赌博知之甚少。本研究的目的是：1) 估计少数群体中赌博和赌博问题（问题和病态赌博）的患病率和发生率。非洲裔美国年轻人的流行病学样本，并评估基本人口特征与邻里生态因素（邻里劣势、终生种族主义/偏见、社会能力、暴力暴露和赌博机会）之间关系的变化与 17 岁、19 岁和 20 岁时发现的关联相比，21 岁时的赌博和赌博问题； 2）确定儿童期和青春期攻击性行为、多动和冲动的不同轨迹，并测试特定轨迹是否与成年后赌博和赌博问题风险增加相关，探索邻里因素是否影响这些轨迹； 3) 识别青春期晚期和年轻人赌博行为的不同轨迹； 4) 测试过去一年的突发压力是否与青少年时期的赌博和赌博问题相关，并估计这些关联的强度； 5) 评估烟草、酒精和毒品参与与赌博和问题/病态赌博的精神疾病之间的双向途径； 6) 通过跟踪与赌博相关的临床特征的时间进程来描述赌博参与和赌博障碍的发展的自然历史。我们使用正在进行的纵向研究的数据，该研究是约翰·霍普金斯大学巴尔的摩预防研究中心 (BPRC) 设计的第二代预防性干预试验。逻辑回归模型和条件逻辑回归模型将用于实现目标 1、4 和 5。逻辑回归和一般增长混合模型 (GGMM) 将识别儿童和青少年攻击性行为、多动和冲动的不同轨迹，并测试是否存在特定的轨迹。这些行为/障碍预示着青少年时期的赌博问题；以及识别不同的赌博轨迹。生存分析、潜在转变分析和广义估计方程 (GEE) 将识别早期赌博问题的显着特征，这些特征可能促进早期区分谁会或不会发展为具有临床意义的病理性赌博。这项研究有助于制定旨在减少赌博相关问题的预防策略，以及为那些出现赌博相关问题的人制定有效的干预和治疗方法。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将有助于理解社区生态对赌博行为的影响、赌博和赌博问题的童年前因，以及样本中赌博/赌博问题与药物滥用和精神疾病之间的双向途径城市非裔美国青少年和年轻人。