Resistance Variation to Endemic Disease as a Risk Factor to New Disease Emergence

对地方病的抵抗力变化是新疾病出现的危险因素

基本信息

批准号：
10238172
负责人：
Emily Bruns
金额：
$ 35.44万
依托单位：
AMHERST COLLEGE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-08-14 至 2024-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Human activities and environmental change are redistributing species at an unprecedented rate, and new host-pathogen combinations have become a major threat to humans, crops, and natural ecosystems. Therefore, the factors affecting disease transmission upon introduction of a foreign pathogen are critically important to improving risk assessment for disease emergence. Although variation among host individuals in disease resistance is regarded as a key factor in epidemiological dynamics within species, the role of standing variation in resistance has received little consideration in the context of newly introduced disease. In fact, plant and animal species show substantial resistance variation to pathogens that a species does not normally encounter in nature. One also finds that resistance mechanism can often have correlated outcomes, either positively or negatively, across different pathogen types. These results suggest that resistance mechanisms to endemic diseases exhibit properties that may underlie the important variation in responses to foreign pathogens and therefore the likelihood of their establishment. Initial results with a tractable plant-fungus model support this possibility, and this project will undertake a combination of field and greenhouse work, together with the development of theory, to build a predictive framework for the likelihood of new disease transmission into a population varying in resistance to its endemic pathogens. Intellectual Merit: The proposed investigations, involving two PIs, and a collaborating team on theory and field studies, will break new ground in the area of disease transmission related to the mounting global threats from increasingly frequent pathogen and host introductions. The project aims to reveal fundamental principles for disease spread in new host-pathogen combinations that may stem from correlated variation in disease resistance to different pathogens. Furthermore, the studies can be extended to improve predictions on the interactions of multiple endemic diseases and of eco-evolutionary feedbacks in host-pathogen systems. The work has strong implications to the closely allied field of pathogen diversification and whether fundamentally different genetic processes underlie a host's ability to resist a broad vs. a narrow range of pathogens. The role of resistance variation to introduced pathogens is central to understanding the diversity of host-pathogen affinities observed in nature, and central to developing better understanding of risks from emerging diseases in human, agricultural and wild populations.

人类的活动和环境变化是以前所未有的速度重新分配物种，而新的宿主病原体组合已成为对人类，农作物和自然生态系统的主要威胁。因此，引入外国病原体时影响疾病传播的因素对于改善疾病出现的风险评估至关重要。尽管宿主抗病性中宿主个体之间的变化被认为是物种中流行病学动态的关键因素，但在新引入的疾病的背景下，抗药性变化在抗性中的作用几乎没有考虑到。实际上，动植物物种对物种通常在自然界中通常不会遇到的病原体表现出很大的抗药性变化。人们还发现，在不同的病原体类型上，电阻机制通常可以产生正相关的结果，无论是积极的还是负面的。这些结果表明，对地方性疾病的抗性机制表现出可能是对异物病原体反应的重要变化以及其建立的可能性的重要变化。最初的植物膜模型的初步结果支持了这种可能性，该项目将结合田间和温室工作，以及理论的发展，以建立一个预测框架，以实现新疾病传播到人口中的可能性，以抗其特有病原体的抵抗力变化。知识分子的优点：涉及两个PI的拟议调查以及一个理论和现场研究的合作团队，将在与日益频繁的病原体和宿主引入有关的疾病传播领域中脱颖而出。该项目旨在揭示新的宿主病原体组合中疾病传播的基本原理，这些原理可能源于疾病对不同病原体的抗病性差异。此外，可以扩展研究以改善对多种流行疾病和宿主 - 病原体系统中生态进化反馈的相互作用的预测。这项工作对病原体多样化的紧密相关领域以及宿主抵抗广泛的病原体和狭窄病原体范围的能力的根本不同的遗传过程具有很大的影响。抗性变异对引入病原体的作用对于理解自然界观察到的宿主 - 病原体亲和力的多样性是至关重要的，以及对人类，农业和野生种群中新兴疾病的风险更好地理解的核心。