X-irradiator for in vivo and in vitro studies with relevance to basic stress sign

用于与基本应激体征相关的体内和体外研究的 X 射线辐射器

• 批准号: 7794276
• 负责人: Albert J Fornace
• 金额: $ 17.69万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-05 至 2011-08-04
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7794276
• 关键词: Accidents; Address; Adult; Advisory Committees; Animals; Biological Markers; Carbon Dioxide; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Direct Costs; Dose-Rate; Environmental Health; Equipment; Funding; Gases; Government; Grant; Human Resources; In Vitro; Ionizing radiation; Isotopes; Laboratory Animals; Maintenance; Manufacturer Name; Medical; Modeling; Monitor; Mus; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Peer Review; Policies; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation therapy; Radiobiology; Reporting; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Resources; Roentgen Rays; Safety; Security; Solutions; Source; Stress; Temperature; Terrorism; United States National Institutes of Health; Visit; Water; base; cost; in vivo; instrument; instrumentation; irradiation; member; neoplastic cell; prevent; programs; research study; response; tissue culture; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application is for the purchase of a self-contained x-ray machine that will be based in the radiobiology program of the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC) and that will be a core resource for members of the LCCC as well as for other researchers at Georgetown Univ. The unit, the XRAD320, is manufactured by Precision X-RAY Inc. (PXI), a leader in this field. Currently, the LCCC has $28.5 million in annual direct costs from NCI and peer-reviewed funding annual direct costs exceed $53 million, and the radiobiology program (MTTR) has $9 million; the majority of this is NIH funding. While numerous research projects and investigators depend on a reliable source for ionizing radiation (IR), the only available unit for over 30 users is a 137Cs source gamma-irradiator* which was purchased with a NIH instrumentation grant 15 years ago. Although it is a useful instrument for many applications, the 37Cs source gamma-irradiator has a variety of important limitations including a small field size (<half of XRAD320 with less uniformity), an insufficient range of dose-rates for some low dose rate experiments, and inadequate capability for temperature and CO2 gas control for prolonged tissue culture studies. Currently, the small field prevents the use of even moderate size laboratory animals, such as adult rabbits, and prolonged experiments with small animals, such as mice, where a reasonable size cage with water and chow is required. Partial body irradiation and localized experimental radiotherapy in animal tumor models can usually only be carried out with a focused beam which can be provided by the XRAD320 and not the current irradiator. In addition, there is a major security concern for isotope source irradiators as discussed in detail in the Advisory Committee on the Medical Uses of Isotopes's Report (NRC 2008-0184), and the long term solution, as outlined in this report, is to replace isotope irradiators with x-irradiators, such as those from PXI which was mentioned in NRC 2008-0184. Our current policy to address security concerns, are to closely monitor all access and irradiation substantially increasing personnel costs for the Office of Environmental Health & Safety. Operating costs are also lower because there are no reloading or decommissioning expenses, plus the equipment requires only a low cost preventative maintenance visit annually. As outlined elsewhere in this application, the XRAD320 will allow for a variety of experiments that are not practical or feasible with the current unit, and that are currently supported by NIH as well as other government funding. The XRAD320 will expand the scope and benefit NIAID-supported studies which are directly relevant to monitoring and responses to radiologic accidents or terrorism. It will benefit a variety of NCI-supported studies into mechanisms of radiation sensitivity of tumor cells, and basic and applied studies supported by NIEHS to develop biomarkers for various types of toxicological exposures. * Due to NRC security requirements for gamma irradiators, the manufacturer, model number, serial number, and total activity of the current gamma irradiator is withheld from this application..

描述（由申请人提供）：此应用程序用于购买伦巴第综合癌症中心（LCCC）的放射生物学计划（LCCC），这将是LCCC以及Georgetown Univ的其他研究人员的核心资源。该单元XRAD320由该领域的领导者Precision X-Ray Inc.（PXI）制造。目前，LCCC的年度直接成本为2850万美元，并经过同行评审的年度直接成本超过5300万美元，而放射性生物学计划（MTTR）有900万美元；其中大多数是NIH的资金。尽管许多研究项目和调查人员依靠可靠的电离辐射来源（IR），但30多名用户的唯一可用单元是137cs来源伽马 - iRradiator*，该单位是15年前用NIH仪器赠款购买的。尽管它是许多应用的有用仪器，但37CS源伽马 - 辐射器具有多种重要局限性，包括较小的田间大小（<XRAD320的一半，均匀均匀性），对于某些低剂量速率实验的剂量范围不足，用于温度和CO2气体控制的低剂量速率实验和不足的能力。目前，小场阻止使用甚至适度的实验室动物，例如成年兔子，以及对小鼠（例如小鼠）进行的长时间实验，那里需要使用水和食物的合理尺寸的笼子。在动物肿瘤模型中，部分人体照射和局部实验放疗通常只能使用聚焦束进行，该光束可以由XRAD320提供，而不是当前的辐照器。此外，同位素源辐射器在同位素报告的医学用途咨询委员会（NRC 2008-0184）中详细讨论，并且本报告中概述的长期解决方案是为了代替X- iRrradiators用X- iRrradiators替换X- iRrradiators的长期解决方案，例如，NRC在NRC中提到了X-irradiators ins pxi中的X-irradiators in n n n n n n n n in n in n rc in n n rc in n n in in in of。我们目前解决安全问题的政策，是密切监视所有访问和辐射，从而大大增加了环境健康与安全办公室的人员成本。运营成本也较低，因为没有重新货币或退役费用，而且设备每年只需要低成本预防性维护访问。正如本应用程序其他地方概述的那样，XRAD320将允许进行各种实验，这些实验与当前单位不可实际或可行，并且目前由NIH以及其他政府资金支持。 XRAD320将扩大范围并受益于NIAID支持的研究，这些研究与监测和对放射事故或恐怖主义的反应直接相关。它将有助于各种NCI支持的研究，用于肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性机制，以及NIEH支持的基础和应用研究，以开发各种类型的毒理学暴露的生物标志物。 *由于对伽马射线的NRC安全要求，从本应用中拒绝了当前伽马射线的制造商，型号，序列号以及当前伽马射线的总活动。