Project 5: Pyolytic conversion of PAHs in contaminated sediments into char to eliminate toxicity and enhance soil fertility

项目5：将受污染沉积物中的PAHs热解转化为炭，以消除毒性并提高土壤肥力

• 批准号: 10116395
• 负责人: Pedro J Alvarez
• 金额: $ 24.91万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-28 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10116395
• 关键词: Affect; Agriculture; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Carbon; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chronic lung disease; Clinical; Detection; Drainage procedure; Drug Metabolic Detoxication; Ecosystem; Ensure; Excision; Fertility; Gases; Germination; Health; Hydrocarbons; Hydrophobicity; Image; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Measures; Neurocognitive Deficit; Nitrogen; Outcome; Petroleum; Phosphorus; Plants; Porosity; Premature Birth; Prevention; Process; Property; Reaction; Recovery; Research Project Grants; Risk; Roentgen Rays; Salvelinus; Seeds; Soil; Solid; Spatial Distribution; Spectrum Analysis; Surface; Techniques; Technology; Temperature; Testing; Thermogravimetry; Time; Toxic effect; Water; Work; chemical stability; clay; contaminated sediment; cost; cost effective; cost efficient; density; early life exposure; fertility improvement; implementation cost; improved; innovation; lipophilicity; new technology; pollutant; remediation; residence; restoration; superfund site; technological innovation; wasting

Project Summary There is a pressing need for technological innovation that leads to more efficient and more sustainable remediation of contaminated sediments at Superfund sites. This project will develop a sustainable remediation technology to rapidly treat sediments and soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related polyaromatic compounds (PACs), including activated PAHs byproducts of environmental transformations, in a manner that completely removes the associated health risks while adding value to the impacted media. Our hypothesis is that pyrolysis of contaminated soils/sediments under carefully selected conditions will reduce the concentration of all organic priority contaminants to below regulatory levels, thus completely eliminating toxicity, while restoring soil fertility to facilitate ecosystem restoration and re-greening efforts. Furthermore, different treatment objectives (e.g., regulatory compliance, detoxification, and soil fertility restoration) need not be mutually exclusive and could be simultaneously achieved by selecting appropriate pyrolytic treatment intensity (controlled through pyrolysis temperature and residence time). The Specific Aims of this project are: 1. Demonstrate that thermal pyrolysis will reliably remove PAHs and PACs present in Superfund site sediments and eliminate their toxicity. 2. Characterize the reaction mechanisms and end products to guide safe and cost-efficient application. Specifically, we will use thermogravimetry and evolved gas analyses to elucidate the physical and chemical processes occurring during pyrolysis. The possible catalytic effects of soil components like clays will be systematically studied, and surface analysis techniques will be used to determine the chemical composition and spatial distribution of pyrolysis products (like carbonaceous compounds). Finally, we will carefully characterize the treated soils to determine how their key properties (like surface chemistry, chemical stability, porosity, density, water-holding capacity, and ability to hold plant-available water) are affected by the chosen pyrolysis conditions (contact time, temperature, %O2, moisture, etc.) to inform reaction mechanisms and guide reactor optimization efforts. 3. Identify the operating conditions that maximize the benefits of soil pyrolysis (PAH & PAC removal and improved soil fertility) while minimizing associated costs. Thus, the proposed studies will build on our recent discovery that pyrolysis can add value to soil contaminated with petrochemical wastes (including heavy petroleum hydrocarbons) by converting these pollutants to char-like material. The expected benefits are significant. We anticipate that pyrolysis will: (a) rapidly and reliably decrease PAH and PAC concentrations below regulatory thresholds; (b) add agricultural value to the treated soils by improving fertility and drainage; and (c) contribute to a positive public image, facilitating regulatory acceptance from stakeholders such as the EPA of this novel technology.

项目摘要 对技术创新的迫切需求，导致更高效，更可持续性 在超级基金地点修复受污染的沉积物。该项目将开发可持续的补救 快速处理被多环芳烃（PAHS）污染的沉积物和土壤和土壤 相关的多野星化合物（PAC），包括活化的PAHS副产品 转型，以完全消除相关健康风险的同时增加价值的方式 受影响的媒体。我们的假设是在精心选择的污染土壤/沉积物的热解 条件将使所有有机优先污染物的浓度降低到调节水平以下，因此 完全消除毒性，同时恢复土壤生育能力以促进生态系统修复和重新估计 努力。此外，不同的治疗目标（例如，调节性依从性，排毒和土壤生育能力 恢复）不必相互排斥，可以通过选择适当的 热解处理强度（通过热解温度和停留时间控制）。具体目标 该项目的内容是：1。证明热热解会可靠地去除存在的PAH和PAC 超级基金部位沉积物并消除其毒性。 2。表征反应机制和最终产物 指导安全且具有成本效益的应用。具体而言，我们将使用热重测定和进化的气体分析 阐明在热解期间发生的物理和化学过程。土壤的可能催化作用 将系统地研究诸如粘土之类的组件，并将使用表面分析技术来确定 热解产物的化学组成和空间分布（例如碳质化合物）。 最后，我们将仔细表征经过处理的土壤以确定其关键特性（例如表面 化学，化学稳定性，孔隙率，密度，水持有能力以及保持植物可用的能力 水）受选选择的热解条件（接触时间，温度，％O2，水分等）的影响 告知反应机制和指导反应堆优化工作。 3。确定操作条件 最大化土壤热解的益处（PAH和PAC去除和改善的土壤生育能力），同时最大程度地减少相关的相关性 费用。因此，拟议的研究将基于我们最近的发现，即热解会为土壤增加价值 通过转换这些污染的石化废物（包括重石油碳氢化合物） 污染物对类似炭的材料。预期的收益很大。我们预计热解会：（a）迅速 并可靠地降低PAH和PAC浓度以下； （b）增加农业价值 通过改善生育能力和排水而到处理的土壤； （c）有助于积极的公众形象，促进 利益相关者（例如EPA）的监管接受。