Project 5: Pyolytic conversion of PAHs in contaminated sediments into char to eliminate toxicity and enhance soil fertility

项目5：将受污染沉积物中的PAHs热解转化为炭，以消除毒性并提高土壤肥力

• 批准号: 10116395
• 负责人: Pedro J Alvarez
• 金额: $ 24.91万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-02-28 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10116395
• 关键词: Affect; Agriculture; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Carbon; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chronic lung disease; Clinical; Detection; Drainage procedure; Drug Metabolic Detoxication; Ecosystem; Ensure; Excision; Fertility; Gases; Germination; Health; Hydrocarbons; Hydrophobicity; Image; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Measures; Neurocognitive Deficit; Nitrogen; Outcome; Petroleum; Phosphorus; Plants; Porosity; Premature Birth; Prevention; Process; Property; Reaction; Recovery; Research Project Grants; Risk; Roentgen Rays; Salvelinus; Seeds; Soil; Solid; Spatial Distribution; Spectrum Analysis; Surface; Techniques; Technology; Temperature; Testing; Thermogravimetry; Time; Toxic effect; Water; Work; chemical stability; clay; contaminated sediment; cost; cost effective; cost efficient; density; early life exposure; fertility improvement; implementation cost; improved; innovation; lipophilicity; new technology; pollutant; remediation; residence; restoration; superfund site; technological innovation; wasting

Project Summary There is a pressing need for technological innovation that leads to more efficient and more sustainable remediation of contaminated sediments at Superfund sites. This project will develop a sustainable remediation technology to rapidly treat sediments and soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related polyaromatic compounds (PACs), including activated PAHs byproducts of environmental transformations, in a manner that completely removes the associated health risks while adding value to the impacted media. Our hypothesis is that pyrolysis of contaminated soils/sediments under carefully selected conditions will reduce the concentration of all organic priority contaminants to below regulatory levels, thus completely eliminating toxicity, while restoring soil fertility to facilitate ecosystem restoration and re-greening efforts. Furthermore, different treatment objectives (e.g., regulatory compliance, detoxification, and soil fertility restoration) need not be mutually exclusive and could be simultaneously achieved by selecting appropriate pyrolytic treatment intensity (controlled through pyrolysis temperature and residence time). The Specific Aims of this project are: 1. Demonstrate that thermal pyrolysis will reliably remove PAHs and PACs present in Superfund site sediments and eliminate their toxicity. 2. Characterize the reaction mechanisms and end products to guide safe and cost-efficient application. Specifically, we will use thermogravimetry and evolved gas analyses to elucidate the physical and chemical processes occurring during pyrolysis. The possible catalytic effects of soil components like clays will be systematically studied, and surface analysis techniques will be used to determine the chemical composition and spatial distribution of pyrolysis products (like carbonaceous compounds). Finally, we will carefully characterize the treated soils to determine how their key properties (like surface chemistry, chemical stability, porosity, density, water-holding capacity, and ability to hold plant-available water) are affected by the chosen pyrolysis conditions (contact time, temperature, %O2, moisture, etc.) to inform reaction mechanisms and guide reactor optimization efforts. 3. Identify the operating conditions that maximize the benefits of soil pyrolysis (PAH & PAC removal and improved soil fertility) while minimizing associated costs. Thus, the proposed studies will build on our recent discovery that pyrolysis can add value to soil contaminated with petrochemical wastes (including heavy petroleum hydrocarbons) by converting these pollutants to char-like material. The expected benefits are significant. We anticipate that pyrolysis will: (a) rapidly and reliably decrease PAH and PAC concentrations below regulatory thresholds; (b) add agricultural value to the treated soils by improving fertility and drainage; and (c) contribute to a positive public image, facilitating regulatory acceptance from stakeholders such as the EPA of this novel technology.

项目概要 迫切需要技术创新来提高效率和可持续性 修复超级基金场地受污染的沉积物。该项目将开发可持续的修复方法 快速处理被多环芳烃（PAH）污染的沉积物和土壤的技术 相关多环芳烃化合物 (PAC)，包括环境中的活化多环芳烃副产品 转型，以完全消除相关的健康风险，同时增加价值的方式 受到影响的媒体。我们的假设是，受污染的土壤/沉积物在精心选择的条件下热解 条件会将所有有机优先污染物的浓度降低至监管水平以下，从而 彻底消除毒性，同时恢复土壤肥力，促进生态系统恢复和绿化 努力。此外，不同的处理目标（例如，法规遵从性、解毒和土壤肥力） 恢复）不必相互排斥，并且可以通过选择适当的方法同时实现 热解处理强度（通过热解温度和停留时间控制）。具体目标 该项目的主要目标是： 1. 证明热解能够可靠地去除存在于水中的 PAH 和 PAC 超级基金场地沉积物并消除其毒性。 2. 表征反应机理和最终产物 指导安全且经济高效的应用。具体来说，我们将使用热重分析和逸出气体分析 阐明热解过程中发生的物理和化学过程。土壤可能的催化作用 将系统地研究粘土等成分，并使用表面分析技术来确定 热解产物（如碳质化合物）的化学成分和空间分布。 最后，我们将仔细描述经过处理的土壤的特征，以确定其关键特性（如表面 化学、化学稳定性、孔隙率、密度、持水能力和保持植物可用水的能力 水）受到所选热解条件（接触时间、温度、%O2、湿度等）的影响 告知反应机制并指导反应器优化工作。 3. 确定操作条件 最大限度地提高土壤热解的效益（去除 PAH 和 PAC 并提高土壤肥力），同时最大限度地减少相关 成本。因此，拟议的研究将建立在我们最近的发现之上，即热解可以为土壤增加价值 通过转化这些废物而受到石化废物（包括重石油碳氢化合物）的污染 污染物转化为炭状物质。预期效益是显着的。我们预计热解将：（a）迅速 可靠地将 PAH 和 PAC 浓度降低到监管阈值以下； (b) 增加农业价值 通过改善肥力和排水来处理处理过的土壤； (c) 有助于树立积极的公众形象，促进 EPA 等利益相关者对这项新技术的监管认可。