Understanding the Role of Neighborhoods on Urban Youth's Substance Use and Mental Health: A Community-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Project

了解社区对城市青年药物滥用和心理健康的作用：基于社区的药物滥用预防项目

• 批准号: 10018167
• 负责人: Ijeoma Opara
• 金额: $ 12.72万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-10 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10018167
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Accounting; Address; Administrator; Adolescent; Adult; African American; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Area; Award; Behavioral Sciences; Characteristics; Cities; Clinical Trials; Collaborations; Communities; Community based prevention; Complex; Data; Dedications; Dentistry; Development; Discipline of Nursing; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Empirical Research; Environment; Epidemic; Equation; Ethnic group; Evaluation; Exposure to; Faculty; Focus Groups; Foundations; Gender; Grant; HIV/HCV; Health; Health Sciences; Health Technology; Hispanics; Illicit Drugs; Individual; Information Technology; Intervention; Literature; Manuscripts; Medicine; Mental Health; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Needs Assessment; Neighborhoods; New Jersey; New York; Outcome; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Population; Populations at Risk; Prevention Research; Preventive Intervention; Process; Public Health; Publishing; Qualitative Methods; Race; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Personnel; Research Support; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Schools; Social Welfare; Socioeconomic Status; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; Technology; Training; United States; Universities; Vulnerable Populations; Writing; Youth; adolescent substance use; aged; anxiety symptoms; base; career; depressive symptoms; design; doctoral student; evidence base; experience; feasibility trial; gender difference; health management; improved outcome; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; interest; multiple data sources; pre-doctoral; programs; protective factors; recruit; research study; risk perception; school district; substance abuse prevention; substance use prevention; suburban communities; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY Urban youth in the United States are more likely to be exposed to licit and illicit substances, experience higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and live in under-resourced areas. Such a disparity leaves urban youth at risk of poorer health outcomes than their counterparts. Since youth substance use is on the rise, it is imperative for innovative methods to be utilized in order to tackle this complex issue. The association between substance use, neighborhood characteristics, and mental health outcomes in youth is emerging in the literature yet disparities continue to impact youth in urban communities. Paterson, New Jersey is a northeastern, urban community which has one the highest rates of substance abuse in the nation. Youth living in Paterson are overly exposed to drug use in their neighborhoods and have extreme access to substances, leaving them more at risk to initiate use at earlier ages and more likely to become dependent into adulthood. My research in this community has shown that neighborhood and community level characteristics, in addition to depressive and anxiety symptoms among youth, can be key facilitators to early substance use. Previous research has overwhelmingly placed the blame on individuals, particularly youth, as opposed to acknowledging the systemic structures and the environmental context in which youth are nested. Although substance use prevention interventions exist, youth who are the most vulnerable and often the hardest to reach, are not engaged in prevention interventions or connected to resources. In order to reach this at-risk population, I propose to use an innovative method, venue-based sampling, to recruit at-risk youth. The research addresses these specific aims: Aim 1: To examine the association between neighborhood characteristics, substance use, and mental health symptoms among Paterson youth using quantitative and qualitative methods. Aim 2: Use findings from Aim 1 to inform the adaptation of a community-based and evidence-based substance use prevention intervention for Paterson youth. Aim 3: Pilot the intervention on a sample of Paterson youth. I hypothesize that there will be significant differences in risk and protective factors by race, gender, age, and socioeconomic status among Paterson youth. This project will use multiple sources of data to inform findings and use preliminary data to prepare a more robust R01 clinical trial application to be implemented in Paterson and other urban cities that will account for unique differences in urban youth.

项目摘要 在美国，城市青年更有可能接触到持有的持平和非法物质，经历更高的水平 焦虑和抑郁症状，生活在资源不足的地区。这样的差异使城市青年有较差的风险 健康成果比同行。由于青年吸毒的使用越来越上升，因此必须使用创新方法 用于解决这个复杂问题。物质使用，邻里特征之间的关联， 在文献中出现了青年的心理健康成果，但差距继续影响城市的青年 社区。新泽西州帕特森（Paterson）是一个东北，城市社区，其物质率最高 全国虐待。居住在帕特森的青年在附近过分接触毒品，并且具有极端 获取物质，使它们更有风险在早期开始使用，更有可能依赖 成年。我在这个社区的研究表明，社区和社区层面的特征，此外 对于年轻人的抑郁和焦虑症状，可以是早期使用物质的关键促进者。先前的研究已有 绝大多数将责任归咎于个人，尤其是青年，而不是承认系统结构 以及青年嵌套的环境环境。尽管存在预防药物使用干预措施，但青年 谁是最脆弱的人，通常是最难达到的，没有从事预防干预措施或与 资源。为了达到这种高危人群，我建议使用创新的方法，基于场地的抽样，以 招募处于危险的青年。该研究解决了这些具体目标： 目标1：检查邻里特征，物质使用与心理健康之间的关联 帕特森青年的症状使用定量和定性方法。 目标2：使用AIM 1的发现来告知基于社区和循证物质的适应 对帕特森青年使用预防干预。 AIM 3：驾驶干预帕特森青年样本。 我假设根据种族，性别，年龄和 帕特森青年的社会经济地位。该项目将使用多种数据来源来告知发现并使用 初步数据，准备更强大的R01临床试验申请，将在Paterson和其他Urban中实施 城市青年的独特差异的城市。