Risk and Protective Factors for Adjustment of College Women After a Mass Shooting

大规模枪击事件后女大学生调整的风险和保护因素

基本信息

批准号：
7689291
负责人：
HOLLY K ORCUTT
金额：
$ 13.76万
依托单位：
NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-09-18 至 2011-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7689291
关键词：
Affect Affective Alcohol or Other Drugs use Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Characteristics Childhood Clinical Communities Data Development Diagnosis Diagnostic Dissociation Distress Emotional Enrollment Exposure to Female Fire - disasters Future Gold Health Hormones Hydrocortisone Illinois Individual Intervention Interview Laboratories Life Longitudinal Studies Measures Mental Health Mental disorders Modeling Nature Outcome Outcome Measure Participant Patient Self-Report Physiological Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Posttraumatic growth Principal Investigator Procedures Quality of life Reaction Reading Recording of previous events Recovery Recruitment Activity Regulation Reporting Research Resources Risk Risk Factors Role Saliva Salivary Sampling Schools Screening procedure Severities Sex Behavior Social support Stress Structure Surveys Symptoms Testing Text Time Time Study Trauma Universities Violence Woman Writing base college computerized coping depression depressive symptoms emotional abuse emotional experience essays experience expressive writing follow up assessment follow-up interest killings pediatric trauma primary outcome psychologic public health relevance revictimization

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The specific aim of the proposed set of studies is to prospectively examine immediate and long-term (up to 2 years) adjustment outcomes (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms) following the mass shooting that occurred on the Northern Illinois University (NIU) campus in DeKalb, Illinois, on February 14, 2008. At the time of the shooting, a large sample (N = 816) of female undergraduates at NIU were participating in a longitudinal study of sexual revictimization. Given the trauma- focused nature of the revictimization study, it provided a unique opportunity to examine post-shooting adjustment outcomes while controlling for pre-shooting adjustment levels. To date, 653 women (80% of eligibles) have completed an online survey, NIU Trauma Study (NTS): Time 1, an average of 27 days after the mass shooting. The survey contained assessments of post-shooting adjustment, degree of exposure to the shooting, and additional risk and protective factors (e.g., social support, posttraumatic growth). Additional assessments are proposed for 3.5 months, 7.5 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-shooting. Several factors are hypothesized to influence changes in adjustment in the aftermath of the trauma. These include pre-shooting risk factors [e.g., childhood or other trauma exposure, dysregulation of stress hormones (i.e., pre-shooting salivary cortisol levels), and dysfunctional affect regulation strategies], factors associated with the shooting (e.g., severity of exposure), and immediate reactions to the mass shooting (e.g., peritraumatic dissociation and affect regulation strategies for coping with shooting-related distress). In addition to direct effects of proposed risk and protective factors on changes in adjustment level across the six time points, a number of interactive effects will also be tested. Following the 1-year post-shooting assessment, a subset of participants (N = 160) will be recruited to participate in a clinical reappraisal study in order to calibrate the self-report screening measures to gold-standard face-to-face structured diagnostic interviews. In addition, a unique laboratory-based study [Expressive Writing Study (EWS)] is also proposed for a subset of participants (N = 100) who at NTS: Time 1 report high and low exposure to the shooting. In the EWS, participants will write about the mass shooting and then read their essay aloud to themselves while their physiological data are collected. One aim of the EWS is to examine whether physiological reactivity, salivary cortisol changes, and self-reports of emotional avoidance during the EWS are predictive of longer-term outcomes in adjustment as a function of severity of exposure to the shooting. The specific content of the expressive writing will also be examined. Longitudinal follow-up data on adjustment from the NTS survey will also serve as follow-up data for the EWS. In combination, data from these proposed projects will provide crucial and unique information about the role of risk factors and protective factors in predicting adjustment following a mass shooting. If successful, the proposed research will (i) provide information regarding the psychological consequences of experiencing or witnessing a mass shooting while controlling for pre-shooting levels of symptoms and adjustment; (ii) identify the direct and moderating effects of pre-shooting adjustment (e.g., trauma history, dysfunctional affect regulation, dysregulation of stress hormones) on post-shooting adjustment outcomes; and (iii) provide information regarding the physiological reactivity (and recovery) of engaging in an expressive writing and reading task as a function of exposure to the mass shooting. The proposed set of studies seeks to promote NIH's interests in understanding, from a longitudinal perspective, the factors (risk and protective) that contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and other trauma-related mental illnesses.

描述（由申请人提供）：所提议的一组研究的具体目的是前瞻性地检查短期和长期（最多 2 年）的调整结果（即创伤后应激障碍症状、抑郁症状和焦虑症状）。 2008 年 2 月 14 日，伊利诺伊州迪卡尔布的北伊利诺伊大学 (NIU) 校园发生大规模枪击事件。枪击事件发生时，学校的大量女本科生样本 (N = 816) NIU 正在参与一项关于性再次受害的纵向研究。鉴于再受害研究以创伤为重点的性质，它提供了一个独特的机会来检查枪击后调整结果，同时控制枪击前调整水平。迄今为止，已有 653 名女性（符合资格的 80%）完成了一项在线调查：NIU 创伤研究 (NTS)：时间 1，即大规模枪击事件发生后平均 27 天。该调查包含对枪击后调整、枪击事件暴露程度以及其他风险和保护因素（例如社会支持、创伤后成长）的评估。建议在拍摄后 3.5 个月、7.5 个月、1 年和 2 年进行额外评估。假设有几个因素会影响创伤后调整的变化。这些包括拍摄前的风险因素[例如童年或其他创伤暴露、应激激素失调（即拍摄前唾液皮质醇水平）和功能失调的情感调节策略]、与拍摄相关的因素（例如暴露的严重程度），以及对大规模枪击事件的立即反应（例如，创伤后分离和应对枪击相关痛苦的情绪调节策略）。除了拟议的风险和保护因素对六个时间点调整水平变化的直接影响外，还将测试一些交互效应。经过一年的枪击后评估后，将招募一部分参与者（N = 160）参加临床重新评估研究，以将自我报告筛查措施校准为黄金标准的面对面结构化诊断采访。此外，还针对在 NTS：时间 1 报告拍摄的高曝光度和低曝光度的参与者子集 (N = 100) 提出了一项独特的基于实验室的研究 [表达性写作研究 (EWS)]。在 EWS 中，参与者将写下大规模枪击事件，然后在收集生理数据的同时大声朗读自己的文章。 EWS 的目的之一是检查 EWS 期间的生理反应、唾液皮质醇变化和情绪回避的自我报告是否可以预测长期调整结果，作为枪击暴露严重程度的函数。表达性写作的具体内容也会受到考察。 NTS调查调整的纵向跟踪数据也将作为EWS的跟踪数据。综合起来，这些拟议项目的数据将提供有关风险因素和保护因素在预测大规模枪击事件后调整中的作用的关键且独特的信息。如果成功，拟议的研究将（i）提供有关经历或目睹大规模枪击事件的心理后果的信息，同时控制枪击前的症状和调整水平； (ii) 确定拍摄前调整（例如创伤史、情感调节功能失调、应激激素失调）对拍摄后调整结果的直接影响和调节影响； (iii) 提供有关参与表达性写作和阅读任务的生理反应（和恢复）的信息，作为暴露于大规模枪击事件的函数。拟议的一系列研究旨在促进 NIH 从纵向角度理解导致创伤后应激障碍和其他创伤相关精神疾病的因素（风险和保护）。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（17）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Examining Minority Attrition Among Women in Longitudinal Trauma Research.

检查纵向创伤研究中女性的少数族裔流失。

DOI：
发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Boykin, Derrecka M;London, Melissa J;Orcutt, Holly K
通讯作者：
Orcutt, Holly K

Fear-Potentiated Startle and Fear Extinction in a Sample of Undergraduate Women Exposed to a Campus Mass Shooting.

暴露于校园大规模枪击事件的本科女性样本中的恐惧增强惊吓和恐惧消失。

DOI：
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Orcutt, Holly K;Hannan, Susan M;Seligowski, Antonia V;Jovanovic, Tanja;Norrholm, Seth D;Ressler, Kerry J;McCanne, Thomas
通讯作者：
McCanne, Thomas

High dose alcohol consumption predicts less reduction in post-traumatic stress symptoms after a campus mass shooting.

高剂量饮酒预示着校园大规模枪击事件后创伤后应激症状的减少幅度较小。