Anxiety Risk and Adolescence: Sensitivity to Unpredictable Threat and Uncertainty

焦虑风险和青春期：对不可预测的威胁和不确定性的敏感性

基本信息

批准号：
9343043
负责人：
Brady D Nelson
金额：
$ 17.7万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-09-07 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9343043
关键词：
16 year old Adolescence Adolescent Adult Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Attention Attenuated Brain Child Childhood Chronic Cues Data Data Analyses Development Disease Economic Burden Event Exhibits Family Family history of Female Adolescents Fright Goals Health Impairment Individual Investigation K-Series Research Career Programs Knowledge Measures Mental disorders Mentors Mothers Motivation Patient Self-Report Personality Traits Phenotype Psyche structure Psychopathology Public Health Recording of previous events Reflex action Research Design Resources Risk Risk Factors Sampling Social Work Stimulus Symptoms Systems Development Testing Time Training Uncertainty Variant Woman Work Youth adverse outcome anxiety symptoms attenuation base blink reflexes career common symptom critical period design experience high risk indexing men neurodevelopment novel offspring public health relevance response trait

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent class of mental illness and are a major public health concern. There is growing evidence that sensitivity to unpredictable threat (SUT) is a core mechanism of anxiety disorders. In multiple studies using a no, predictable, or unpredictable threat (NPU-threat) task, anxiety disorders have been associated with an enhanced startle reflex in anticipation of unpredictable (but not predictable) threat. In addition, SUT has been associated with a family history (i.e., risk) of anxiety disorder, independent of concurrent anxiety. Adolescence is a critical period for the development of neural systems implicated in fear and anxiety.To date, no studies have examined SUT in relation to anxiety disorders or risk in children and adolescents. Pilot data are presented suggesting that adolescent anxiety disorders may also be characterized by a heightened startle reflex while anticipating unpredictable (but not predicable) threat. In adult studies, SUT appears to also reflect phenotypic variation in intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a personality trait indexig the degree to which individuals find uncertainty to be aversive, stressful, and threatening. Indeed, SUT has been associated with IU, but this relationship has not been established in children and adolescents. The proposed study is designed to examine the association between SUT and multiple anxiety phenotypes (disorders and symptoms, IU) in adolescent females, a demographic group at high risk for anxiety disorders. Specifically, this study will leverage resources from an ongoing R01 investigation and add the NPU-threat task and self-report measures of IU to a sample of 285 10-16 year-old adolescent females. The proposed study will also examine event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during the NPU-threat task. The startle probe itself elicits N1 and P3 responses, which measure attentional processing of the startle probe. The probe N1 and P3 are enhanced and attenuated, respectively, during unpleasant pictures, due to increased attention toward the motivationally- salient foreground stimuli. Novel pilot data are presented indicating probe N1 enhancement during the anticipation of unpredictable threat only, and probe P3 suppression during the anticipation of both predictable and unpredictable threat in adults. Startle-elicited ERPs may provide unique information about attentional correlates of SUT, and, unlike the startle reflex, may provide a measure that is specific to SUT (i.e., N1). This will be the first study to examine startle probe ERPs in relation o anxiety, IU, and risk. Overall, the proposed study will examine the association between SUT and anxiety phenotypes (disorders and symptoms, IU) (Aim 1) and maternal history of anxiety disorders (i.e., risk) in adolescent females (Aim 2). This study will also examine ERPs to assess attentional indices of SUT, and test their association with adolescent anxiety, IU, and risk (Aim 3). Finally, this study will conduct exploratory analyses examining normative changes in sensitivity to predictable and unpredictable threat over adolescence and in relation to pubertal development, which is measured in the adolescent females as part of the primary R01 investigation.

描述（由适用提供）：焦虑症是最普遍的精神疾病类别，是主要的公共卫生问题。越来越多的证据表明，对不可预测的威胁（SUT）的敏感性是焦虑的核心机制。在使用NO，可预测或不可预测的威胁（NPU威胁）任务的多项研究中，焦虑症与预期无法预测（但不可预测）威胁的增强的惊吓反射有关。此外，SUT与动画障碍的家族史（即风险）有关，独立于并发动画。青少年是开发恐惧和动画中实现的神经元系统的关键时期。迄今为止，还没有研究对儿童和青少年的动画障碍或风险的SUT进行检查。提出了试点数据，表明青少年动画障碍也可能以增强的惊吓反射为特征，同时预期无法预测（但不可预测）威胁。在成人研究中，SUT似乎还反映了不确定性摄入率（IU）的表型变化，一个人格特质索引个人认为不确定性是厌恶，压力和威胁性的程度。确实，SUT与IU有联系，但是这种关系尚未在儿童和青少年中建立。拟议的研究旨在检查青少年女性的SUT与多种焦虑表型（疾病和症状，IU）之间的关联，这是一个受焦虑症的高风险的人群组。具体而言，这项研究将利用正在进行的R01调查中的资源，并将IU的NPU威胁性任务和自我报告措施添加到285个10-16岁的青少年女性的样本中。拟议的研究还将在NPU威胁任务期间检查与事件相关的大脑电位（ERP）。惊吓探测本身会引起N1和P3响应，这些反应测量了惊吓探针的注意力处理。在不愉快的图片中，探针N1和P3分别增强和减弱，这是因为人们对动机前景刺激的关注增加了。提供了新的试点数据，表明仅在预期不可预测的威胁期间提高了N1的增强，并且在人们期待成人的可预测和不可预测的威胁期间，P3抑制了P3。惊吓吸引的ERP可以提供有关SUT注意相关性的独特信息，并且与惊吓反射不同，可以提供特定于SUT的措施（即N1）。这将是第一项研究有关动画，IU和风险的惊吓ERP的研究。总体而言，拟议的研究将检查SUT与焦虑表型（疾病和症状，IU）（AIM 1）（AIM 1）和焦虑症的焦虑症病史（即风险）之间的关联（AIM 2）。这项研究还将检查ERP，以评估SUT的注意指数，并测试其与青少年动画，IU和风险的关联（AIM 3）。最后，这项研究将进行探索性分析，以研究对青少年可预测和不可预测的威胁的正常变化以及对青春期发育的影响，这是在青少年雌性中衡量的，作为初级R01研究的一部分。