Effects of Racism on Brain and Physiological Pathways to Health Disparities

种族主义对大脑和健康差异生理途径的影响

• 批准号: 10693643
• 负责人: Aerielle Allen
• 金额: $ 64.33万
• 依托单位: TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2028-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10693643
• 关键词: Address; Affect; African American; Area; Autobiography; Biological Markers; Black American; Black race; Brain; Career Mobility; Cell Aging; Cellular Phone; Chronic; Clinical Psychology; Clinical Research; Collection; DNA; Dimensions; Disparity; Ecological momentary assessment; Elements; Exposure to; Frequencies; Funding; Goals; Hair; Health; Hydrocortisone; Intervention; Investigation; Length; Life; Life Expectancy; Life Experience; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measurable; Measures; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Mind; Minority; Minority Groups; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurosciences; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Physiological; Population; Postdoctoral Fellow; Process; Psychologist; Psychopathology; Public Health; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Risk; Severities; Social support; Societies; Stimulus; Stress; Techniques; Time; Training; Trauma; Underrepresented Populations; United States National Institutes of Health; cardiovascular disorder risk; coping; cost; emotion regulation; experience; health disparity; innovation; insight; mindfulness; mortality; neural; neuroimaging; novel; prevent; prospective; psychologic; psychological distress; racism; response; social health determinants; stressor; telomere; undergraduate student

Project Summary Racism is one of the most urgent and broadly impactful crises in contemporary society, increasing an array of adverse health outcomes including mortality in Black Americans, yet neuroscientists and psychologists have heretofore shied away from directly examining personal experiences with racism and their consequences on the brain, mind, and body. Such investigation is essential because it will allow us to better characterize mechanistic pathways linking experiences with racism to health disparities and to devise potential strategies for addressing such disparities. Repeated exposures to racism likely trigger and amplify a cascade of stress-related brain and physiological responses that are known to mediate elevated risk for adverse health outcomes. In this project, we will examine several elements of this mechanistic cascade. We aim to apply validated scientific paradigms in novel ways to examine brain, physiological, and psychological responses to the recollection of specific personal experiences with racism – compared to other types of life experiences – among people who identify as Black or African American. We will also use prospective smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to measure the frequency and severity of experiences with racism as they occur in daily life in real time, and we will associate these measures with brain, physiological, and health outcomes. We will examine the relationship between brain/physiological responses to racism and health outcomes and functioning measures – such as psychological distress, cardiovascular disease risk, cellular aging (telomere length), hair cortisol, coping, emotion regulation, and social support – and determine whether brain and physiological responses mediate the relationship between extent of racism exposure and health outcomes. The proposed investigation represents an innovative paradigm shift, in which racism is treated like other pathophysiological processes that affect health. We have assembled an interdisciplinary team with expertise in areas including neuroimaging, trauma, biomarkers of stress, physiological perspectives on health disparities, ecological momentary assessment, emotion regulation, and the empirical study of anti-Black racism, yielding a collaborative effort that is unique and synergistic. It is an approach with potential to transform the way that neuroscientists and psychologists conceptualize and study racism, helping to overcome some of the obstacles that have prevented previous scientific investigation of personal experiences with racism. Among our central aims is to increase the representation of a minoritized participant population that has been historically undersampled in NIH-funded research, and to promote the training and career advancement of underrepresented research trainees, consistent with NIH goals.

项目概要 种族主义是当代社会最紧迫、影响最广泛的危机之一，加剧了 一系列不利的健康结果，包括美国黑人的死亡率，但神经科学家和 迄今为止，心理学家一直回避直接研究个人的种族主义经历 以及它们对大脑、心智和身体的影响是至关重要的，因为它会产生影响。 让我们能够更好地描述将种族主义经历与健康联系起来的机制途径 差异并制定解决此类差异的潜在策略。 种族主义可能会引发并放大一系列与压力相关的大脑和生理反应 已知会介导不良健康结果的风险升高，在这个项目中，我们将检查几个。 我们的目标是以新颖的方式应用经过验证的科学范式。 检查大脑、生理和心理对特定个人记忆的反应 与其他类型的生活经历相比，在自认为是种族歧视的人中经历过种族主义 我们还将使用基于智能手机的未来生态瞬间。 评估（EMA）方法来衡量种族主义经历的频率和严重程度 实时发生在日常生活中，我们会将这些测量与大脑、生理和心理联系起来。 我们将研究大脑/生理对种族主义的反应之间的关系。 以及健康结果和功能测量——例如心理困扰、心血管疾病 疾病风险、细胞衰老（端粒长度）、头发皮质醇、应对、情绪调节和社交 支持 – 并确定大脑和生理反应是否介导两者之间的关系 拟议的调查代表了一项创新性的调查。 范式转变，其中种族主义被视为影响健康的其他病理生理过程。 组建了一支跨学科团队，在神经影像学、创伤、 压力的生物标志物、健康差异的生理学观点、生态瞬时 评估、情绪调节和反黑人种族主义的实证研究，产生了合作 这是一种独特且具有协同作用的方法，有可能改变这种方式。 神经科学家和心理学家对种族主义进行概念化和研究，帮助克服一些 阻碍先前对个人种族主义经历进行科学研究的障碍。 我们的中心目标之一是增加少数族群参与者的代表性 在 NIH 资助的研究中历来样本不足，并促进培训和职业发展 提高代表性不足的研究实习生的地位，与 NIH 的目标保持一致。