Life Stress Pathways and Resilience to Substance Misuse in Black and White Youth

黑人和白人青年的生活压力途径和对药物滥用的抵抗力

• 批准号: 10684283
• 负责人: Karen J Derefinko
• 金额: $ 64.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10684283
• 关键词: 8 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Advocate; Affect; Age; Alcohols; Birth; Black Populations; Black race; Buffers; COVID-19 impact; COVID-19 pandemic; Child; Child Rearing; Childhood; Cigarette; Clinic Visits; Communities; County; Data; Development; Discrimination; Electronic cigarette; Equilibrium; Exposure to; Funding; Goals; Health; Home visitation; Illicit Drugs; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Life Stress; Link; Longitudinal cohort study; Marijuana; Mediating; Methods; Mission; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurocognitive; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Prevention; Prevention approach; Preventive; Psychopathology; Public Health; Questionnaires; Reduce health disparities; Research; Research Methodology; Risk; Sampling; Second Pregnancy Trimester; Sex Differences; Social support; Stress; Stress and Coping; Structural Racism; Subgroup; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Woman; Work; Youth; addiction; adverse outcome; alcohol use initiation; behavior observation; comparison group; early childhood; early life stress; ethnic minority population; experience; longitudinal design; member; minority stress; next generation; prenatal; prenatal exposure; preventive intervention; promote resilience; protective factors; racial minority population; recruit; resilience; resilience factor; social stigma; socioeconomic disadvantage; stressor; substance misuse; theories; traumatic event

Exposure to life stressors across development is known to increase the likelihood of adolescent substance misuse, but the few available comparisons of Black and White youth have revealed a paradox. Whereas Black youth are more likely than White youth to experience stressors in the form of socioeconomic disadvantage, traumatic events, and discrimination, often within a context of structural racism, studies show they have lower rates of nearly all types of substance misuse. This paradox could have health consequences, for example, by contributing to stigma among Black individuals who do struggle with substance misuse, because the adverse consequences of substance misuse, once initiated, are more severe for Blacks than Whites. However, significant gaps in knowledge exist and will be addressed in the proposed study. Little is known about how the different types, timing, and trajectories of stress exposures, including those associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, may differentially predict substance misuse for Black and White youth (Aim 1), and potentially through different mediating mechanisms (Aim 2), including parenting, neurocognitive functioning, and psychopathology. Also, it is important to understand the resilience-promoting protective factors that may be stronger buffers against stressor-related risk for substance misuse for Blacks than Whites (Aim 3). This application proposes to extend the ongoing CANDLE (Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood) study. CANDLE is a longitudinal cohort study involving 1,136 women recruited from 2006-2011 in Shelby County/Memphis, TN during their second trimesters of pregnancy, and has followed them and their children upon birth throughout childhood. The sample is 60% Black and 34% White, with the small balance reflecting other racial/ethnic minority groups. Extensive multi-method data have been collected during the prenatal period and through childhood up to age 8 years. A clinic visit with dyads at child age 10 is nearing completion and another funded clinic visit at age 12 is underway. The proposed research will collect new data in adolescence at ages 14, 15, and 16 years to examine life stressors in relation to the onset and progression of substance misuse for Black compared to White youth, with tests of differences as well as similarities in mediating pathways and resilience factors. Sex differences also will be explored. A local advisory board of Black community members and advocates has already been formed and will help guide this study. Guided by the minority stress model and stress-coping theories of addiction, the central hypotheses are that, despite a Black-White paradox, different patterns of life stress exposures will predict substance misuse for both Black and White youth, operating through selected group-specific mediating mechanisms; based on resiliency theory, Black youth also are expected to display certain unique patterns of resilience against substance misuse. CANDLE is one-of-a-kind, and the current aims hold promise for informing tailored preventive efforts.

众所周知，跨发育中的生活压力源会增加青少年物质的可能性 滥用，但黑白青年的可用比较揭示了悖论。而黑色 比白人青年更有可能以社会经济劣势的形式体验压力源， 创伤事件和歧视通常在结构种族主义的背景下，研究表明它们的较低 几乎所有类型的物质滥用的速度。这个悖论可能会带来健康后果，例如 在滥用毒品的黑人个人中造成污名，因为不利 滥用物质的后果对黑人而言比白人更为严重。然而， 知识的显着差距存在，并将在拟议的研究中解决。关于如何 压力暴露的不同类型，时机和轨迹，包括与正在进行的 COVID-19-大流行，可能会差异地预测黑白青年的物质滥用（AIM 1），并且 可能通过不同的中介机制（AIM 2），包括育儿，神经认知功能， 和心理病理学。同样，重要的是要了解可能的保护因素 与白人相比，要对黑人滥用物质的滥用风险更强（AIM 3）。这 申请建议扩展正在进行的蜡烛（影响神经认知发展的条件和 幼儿学习）研究。蜡烛是一项纵向队列研究，涉及1,136名妇女 从2006 - 2011年在田纳西州谢尔比县/孟菲斯的第二次怀孕期间，随后 他们和他们的孩子在整个童年时期出生。样本为黑色60％，白色为34％，其中 反映其他种族/族裔少数群体的小平衡。已经收集了广泛的多方法数据 在产前和童年时期，直到8岁。 10岁儿童的诊所与二元组进行诊所访问是 即将完成，在12岁时进行了另一次资助的诊所就诊。拟议的研究将收集 青春期的新数据在14、15和16岁时，以检查与发作和发作有关的生命压力源 与白人青年相比，黑人物质滥用的进展，差异的测试以及 介导途径和弹性因素的相似性。还将探索性别差异。本地咨询 黑人社区成员和倡导者委员会已经成立，将有助于指导这项研究。 在少数族裔压力模型和成瘾理论的指导下，中心假设是， 尽管有黑白悖论，但不同的生活压力暴露模式将预测两者的滥用物质 黑白青年，通过选定的特定组中介机制运行；基于弹性 理论，黑人青年也应显示某些针对实质的弹性模式 滥用。蜡烛是独一无二的，目前的目标有望告知量身定制的预防性努力。