Assessing the Impact of State Preemption Laws

评估国家优先购买法的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10676115
负责人：
Sunday Azagba
金额：
--
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-08-01 至 2026-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10676115
关键词：
Address Adolescent Risk Behavior Adoption Adult Advertising Affect American American Medical Association Area Authorization documentation Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Cessation of life Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Code Communities County Data Set Databases Decision Making Dimensions Disease Drug usage Electronic cigarette Ethnic Origin Foundations Future Gender Government Health Health Policy Health behavior Healthy People 2020 Individual Institute of Medicine (U.S.)Knowledge Laws Legal Licensure Malignant neoplasm of lung Measures National Health Interview Survey Outcome Persons Policies Population Public Health Public Policy Quasi-experiment Race Reproducibility Research Rights Rural Community Rural Population Smoke Smoking Smoking Behavior Subgroup Surveys System Tobacco Tobacco use Urban Community Urban Population Youth authority catalyst cigarette smoking diverse data electronic cigarette use evidence base experience indoor air innovation non-smoker preempt prevent preventable death restraint smoke-free policy substance abuse epidemiology tobacco control trend

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death, contributing to 480,000 deaths in the U.S. annually. Smoking alone causes 90% of all lung cancer-related deaths and 80% of all chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related deaths. Another 16 million people in the U.S. live with a disease caused by smoking. Despite unknown long-term health effects, the increasing popularity of e-cigarettes (10.8 million adults are current users) is a growing concern, especially given that this is the most popular form of tobacco among youth. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number and variety of laws that preempt local public policies. Preemption occurs when a higher level of government restricts or withdraws the authority of a lower level of government to act on a particular issue, thereby prohibiting lower levels of government from enacting more stringent laws. Preemptive laws are common on a variety of health issues, including tobacco. For example, about 32 states had at least one form of preemption of local tobacco control ordinances as of September 30, 2018. The laws vary by states in many aspects, including whether e-cigarettes are included. Numerous stakeholders have concerns about the potential negative impacts of these laws. For instance, the American Medical Association, the Institute of Medicine, and Healthy People 2020 have recognized preemption law(s) as a barrier to public health. However, to date, there is no existing rigorous empirical evidence on how, or if, these preemption laws affect local policy innovation and key health outcomes. The proposed study will address these critical knowledge gaps by using a rigorous quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of state preemption laws on tobacco and e-cigarette use. Specifically, we propose an original systematic legal analysis to characterize and code state tobacco preemption laws as well as their dimensions (Aim 1), assess the impact of state preemption laws on county smoke-free indoor policy (Aim 2), cigarette smoking (Aim 3) and e-cigarette use (Aim 4). Aims 3 and 4 will also assess the heterogeneous impact of state preemption laws among (a) subgroups (defined based on gender and race/ethnicity) and whether the effects of these laws vary between (b) rural and urban communities. Our interdisciplinary team has extensive experience in substance abuse epidemiology, quantitative analysis, policy and legal research. The proposed research will address a severely understudied area with high public health significance: state preemption laws functioning as a significant barrier to public health. This is an area of critical importance, as the number and variety of preemption laws are increasing in the U.S. The results of this highly innovative study will provide timely empirical evidence and have a sustained impact in informing future decision making on preemptive policies and laws.

项目摘要/摘要烟草使用仍然是可预防死亡的主要原因，在美国造成480,000人死亡。每年。仅吸烟会导致所有与肺癌相关的死亡中的90％和所有慢性阻塞性的80％与肺部疾病有关的死亡。在美国还有1600万人患有由吸烟。尽管长期健康影响未知，但电子烟的普及越来越普及（1000万成人是当前的用户）越来越关注，特别是考虑到这是烟草最受欢迎的形式在青年中。近年来，抢占本地的法律的数量和种类增加了公共政策。当更高水平的政府限制或撤回授权时，就会发生先发制人较低的政府对特定问题采取行动，从而禁止政府较低的政府制定更严格的法律。在包括烟草在内的各种健康问题上，先发制人的法律很常见。例如，大约32个州至少有一种抢先的当地烟草控制条例的抢占形式 2018年9月30日。法律在许多方面都因国家而异，包括是否包括电子烟。许多利益相关者对这些法律的潜在负面影响感到担忧。例如，美国医学协会，医学研究所和健康人2020认可抢先法作为公共卫生的障碍。但是，迄今为止，没有现有的严格经验这些先发制法如何影响当地政策创新和关键健康成果的证据。这拟议的研究将通过使用严格的准实验设计来解决这些关键的知识差距评估州抢先法对烟草和电子烟的使用的影响。具体来说，我们建议原始的系统法律分析以表征和编码状态烟草先发制法及其维度（AIM 1），评估国家先发制法对县无烟室内政策的影响（AIM 2），吸烟（AIM 3）和电子烟的使用（AIM 4）。目标3和4还将评估异质（a）亚组（根据性别和种族/种族定义）和这些法律的影响是否在（b）农村和城市社区之间有所不同。我们的跨学科团队有在药物滥用方面的丰富经验流行病学，定量分析，政策和法律研究。这拟议的研究将解决一个严重研究的领域，具有很高的公共健康意义：州抢先法律是公共卫生的重大障碍。这是一个至关重要的领域，因为在美国，这项高度创新研究的结果的数量和多样性正在增加将提供及时的经验证据，并在告知未来决策的持续影响先发制人的政策和法律。