Elucidating Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cooperation in Animal-Bacterial Symbioses

阐明动物-细菌共生合作的分子机制

基本信息

批准号：
10711795
负责人：
Elizabeth A. Heath-Heckman
金额：
$ 38.11万
依托单位：
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-08-08 至 2028-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Most, if not all, animals form beneficial symbioses with bacteria and live in contact with these microbes for the majority of their lives. Understanding the mechanisms by which animals associate with their symbionts is important to human health as we maintain consortia of benefical bacteria at multiple body sites such as the gut and skin. While both partners ultimately benefit from mutualistic interactions, hosts and symbionts both need to maintain mechanisms by which they can ensure cooperation by their partner, also called “sanctioning”. While sanctioning of symbionts is a widespread phenomenon, it can be difficult to study due to the large number and diversity of microbial species present in many interactions and the accessibility of symbiotic interfaces within the host. The proposed work will determine the molecular determinants of sanctioning in two different model systems: The Hawaiian Bobtail Squid Euprymna scolopes and its symbiont Vibrio fischeri, and the skin microbiome of the newt Taricha granulosa. Both of these associations are defensive mutualisms where the symbiont provides a product to the host that enables the host to escape predation. We will leverage the tractability and accessibility of these systems, as well as techniques that we have already developed, to answer crucial questions pertaining to sanctioning. First, we will determine how the host detects symbiotic currency, the first step in some sanctioning efforts, through candidate gene and unbiased approaches. Second, we will define the mechanisms by which hosts sanction symbionts by determining which cells and molecules lead to sanctioning and how they influence bacterial symbionts. Overall, this work will determine the molecular mechanisms that allow animal hosts to ensure the production of valuable symbiotic currency by their symbionts, filling a major gap in our understanding of how mutualistic associations are maintained over the life of an animal.

项目概要大多数（如果不是全部）动物与细菌形成有益的共生关系，并与这些细菌接触生活了解微生物在其一生中的大部分时间。与其共生体的联系对人类健康很重要，因为我们维持着肠道和皮肤等身体多个部位的有益细菌最终都会发挥作用。为了从互利相互作用中受益，宿主和共生体都需要通过以下方式维持机制：他们可以确保合作伙伴的合作，也称为“制裁”。共生体是一种普遍存在的现象，由于数量庞大，研究起来很困难微生物物种的多样性存在于许多相互作用和共生的可及性主机内的接口。拟议的工作将确定两种不同制裁的分子决定因素模型系统：夏威夷短尾鱿鱼 Euprymna scolopes 及其共生弧菌 fischeri 和颗粒蝾螈的皮肤微生物组这两种关联都是。防御性共生，共生体向宿主提供一种产品，使宿主能够我们还将利用这些系统的易处理性和可访问性。作为我们已经开发的技术，可以回答有关的关键问题首先，我们将确定主机如何检测共生货币，这是第一步。第二，我们将通过候选基因和公正的方法进行一些制裁努力。通过确定哪些细胞和哪些共生体来定义宿主制裁共生体的机制分子导致制裁以及它们如何影响细菌共生体。总的来说，这项工作将确定允许动物宿主确保通过共生体生产有价值的共生货币，填补了我们的一个重大空白了解动物一生中如何维持互惠关系。