Active Membrane for Artificial Lung Applications

用于人工肺应用的活性膜

• 批准号: 9226544
• 负责人: Sung Kwon Cho
• 金额: $ 7.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9226544
• 关键词: Acoustics; Acute; Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Alveolar; American; Amplifiers; Area; Artificial Membranes; Biocompatible Materials; Blood; Blood Vessels; Blood capillaries; Blood flow; Blood gas; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiac Surgery procedures; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Cardiovascular system; Cessation of life; Chronic Disease; Chronic lung disease; Clinical; Coagulation Process; Complex; Devices; Diffusion; Dimensions; Doctor of Philosophy; Elements; Evaluation; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Failure; Frequencies; Gases; Generations; Height; Human Resources; In Vitro; Inflammatory Response; Legal patent; Liquid substance; Lung; Lung Transplantation; Lung diseases; Measures; Mechanical ventilation; Medical; Membrane; Microbubbles; Microfabrication; Modification; Molecular; Nature; Noble Gases; Operative Surgical Procedures; Oxygen; Oxygen Therapy Care; Oxygenators; Patients; Performance; Polymers; Process; Pump; Research Personnel; Respiratory physiology; Rest; Shapes; Stream; Support System; Surface; Surgeon; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Vasodilator Agents; Water; Work; artificial lung; base; biomaterial compatibility; capillary; design; heat exchanger; innovation; killings; mortality; portability; pressure; quantum; respiratory; scale up; simulation; water flow

Project Summary/Abstract Lung disease annually kills more than 3 million people worldwide and 400,000 Americans (1 out of 6 deaths). More than 235 million people worldwide and 35 million Americans are suffering from chronic lung disease. Over 200,000 American people are suffering from ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome) with its mortality rate of 25 - 40%. The traditional respiratory support for ARDS is mechanical ventilation to compensate pulmonary deficiency and to support respiratory function. However, high airway pressure, high oxygen concentration and over-distention can cause many complications, possibly resulting in multi-organ failure. The medical support for the chronic disease can be oxygen therapy and pulmonary vasodilators but the long-term treatment is ultimately lung transplantation. Artificial lung technologies, which are most commonly used for cardiopulmonary bypass during open-heart surgery, have been developed and modified in order to provide respiratory support with the acute as well as chronic lung disease patients. However, the current clinical use of portable artificial lung is very limited to only extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in ICU, only supporting the respiratory needs of patients at rest. Truly portable or long-term (> days) support systems are not available with current technologies due to low gas exchange performance and biocompatibility issues. A crucially important element in artificial lung is the intervened membrane where gas (O2 and CO2) exchange occurs between gas and blood streams. The exchange mechanism is extremely slow diffusion across the streams and membrane. This proposal aims to attack the fundamental mechanism in gas exchange (diffusion) by using an innovative concept of active membrane (AM). The AM generates strong cross-streams, normal to the membrane surface, thus agitates the laminar blood stream, and eventually make a quantum leap in gas exchange. The cross-streams directly carry mass (O2-/CO2-dissolved entities) from and to the membrane orders of magnitude faster than molecular diffusion, like a conveyer belt. As a result, this system would not require such a high surface area as found in natural lungs, eventually eliminating many complex issues of scale-up fabrication and integration encountered in natural lung mimicking. Furthermore, the decreased surface area would minimize inflammatory response to the foreign surface and eventually clotting. This project will focus on proving the proposed concept of AM via in vitro blood flow testing. Detailed task plans are (1) design and optimize active membranes along with CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis; (2) microfabricate optimized AMs and integrate them in flow loops; and (3) in vitro evaluate gas exchange performance in the water/blood flow loops with hemocompatibility study. The primary innovation of this project is to develop a new class of AMs to replace existing diffusion-based transport mechanism in artificial lung. The significance of this work is to make a quantum leap in gas exchange that allows for truly portable (wearable), highly efficient, artificial lungs.

项目概要/摘要 肺病每年导致全世界超过 300 万人和 40 万美国人死亡（六分之一的死亡）。 全球有超过 2.35 亿人、3500 万美国人患有慢性肺病。 超过 200,000 美国人患有 ARDS（成人呼吸窘迫综合症），死亡率很高 率为 25 - 40%。 ARDS 的传统呼吸支持是机械通气来补偿 肺虚并支持呼吸功能。但气道压力高、含氧量高 注意力集中和过度扩张会引起许多并发症，可能导致多器官衰竭。这 对慢性疾病的医疗支持可以是氧疗和肺血管扩张剂，但长期治疗 治疗最终是肺移植。人工肺技术，最常用于 心脏直视手术期间的体外循环已被开发和修改，以提供 为急性和慢性肺病患者提供呼吸支持。但目前临床使用 便携式人工肺非常局限于ICU中的体外膜肺氧合（ECMO），仅 支持患者休息时的呼吸需求。真正的便携式或长期（>天）支持系统是 由于气体交换性能低和生物相容性问题，目前的技术无法实现。 人工肺中至关重要的元件是气体（O2 和 CO2）交换的介入膜 发生在气体和血液之间。交换机制在整个系统中的扩散速度极其缓慢 流和膜。该提案旨在研究气体交换（扩散）的基本机制 通过使用活性膜（AM）的创新概念。 AM 产生强烈的交叉流，正常情况下 膜表面，从而搅动层流血流，最终使气体发生质的飞跃 交换。交叉流直接将质量（溶解有 O2/CO2 的实体）带入或带入膜 比分子扩散快几个数量级，就像传送带一样。结果，这个系统不会 需要像天然肺部一样高的表面积，最终消除了许多复杂的问题 自然肺模拟中遇到的放大制造和集成。此外，减少的 表面积将最大限度地减少对异物表面的炎症反应并最终减少凝血。 该项目将重点通过体外血流测试来证明所提出的 AM 概念。详细的任务计划 (1) 设计和优化活性膜以及CFD（计算流体动力学）分析； (2) 微加工优化的 AM 并将其集成到流动回路中； (3) 体外评估气体交换 通过血液相容性研究来评估水/血流回路的性能。本项目的主要创新点 是开发一类新型AM来取代人工肺中现有的基于扩散的运输机制。这 这项工作的意义在于在气体交换方面实现了巨大的飞跃，从而实现真正的便携式（可穿戴）、 高效的人工肺。