Rigourous behavioral paradigms for visuospatial attention

视觉空间注意力的严格行为范式

• 批准号: 9436544
• 负责人: Shreesh P Mysore
• 金额: $ 8.18万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-20 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9436544
• 关键词: Adaptive Behaviors; Address; Animal Model; Animals; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Calcium; Complex; Cues; Custom; Data; Development; Diffusion; Discrimination; Dissection; Dissociation; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Eye; Foundations; Functional disorder; Future; Genetic; Genetic Techniques; Head; Human; Image; Implant; Left; Location; Magnetism; Mammals; Measures; Mental disorders; Meridians; Modeling; Monitor; Mus; Nature; Nose; Pathway interactions; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Process; Psychometrics; Psychophysics; Reaction Time; Reporting; Research; Rewards; Role; Schizophrenia; Sclera; Selection Bias; Services; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Time; Touch sensation; Training; Ursidae Family; Visual; Visuospatial; Work; attentional control; base; cell type; cognitive function; curve fitting; design; directed attention; expectation; experimental study; gaze; genetic manipulation; innovation; mouse model; neural circuit; neural information processing; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; programs; relating to nervous system; response; retinotopic; selective attention; sensor; tool; touchscreen; visual stimulus

PROJECT SUMMARY Attention is the remarkable ability of animals to select and preferentially process the most important, or “highest priority”, information in complex environments to guide behavior. This dynamic ability is essential for a range of cognitive functions and adaptive behavior, and its dysfunction is found in diverse psychiatric illnesses including ADHD, autism and schizophrenia. Yet, almost nothing is known about the circuit mechanisms by which the brain implements the selection of the highest priority stimulus at any instant. One key factor that has slowed progress has been the nearly exclusive use of primates for the study of attention: the absence of diverse genetic tools for use in primates has precluded the systematic dissection of cell-type specific contributions and neural computations in cortical and subcortical circuits in service of attention control. Another is that rigorous behavioral paradigms to study attention do not currently exist in any other (genetically tractable) mammalian species. To bridge this gap, we propose an innovate alternate approach: to develop parameterized, primate-like behavioral paradigms for visuospatial attention in the mouse so that the full power of genetic techniques offered by the mouse model can be brought to bear to dissect the neural circuitry underlying attention control. Here, we will develop touchscreen-based tasks in freely behaving mice for studying attention. Specifically, in Aim 1, we will develop three parameterized tasks for studying exogenous (bottom-up) control of spatial attention, namely, a Posner discrimination task, a flanker task, and a Posner-cued selection task. In Aim 2, we will develop two parameterized tasks for studying endogenous (top-down) control of spatial attention, namely, a spatial expectation task and a top-down spatially-cued selection task. Additionally, in Aim 3, we will use head and eye-trackers to develop a closed-loop stimulus presentation system that adjusts, in real time, stimulus locations with respect to the gaze direction of the freely behaving mouse. This will permit consistent retinotopic presentation of stimuli across trials in the above tasks, a requirement for future experiments into the functional signatures as well as causal roles of neural circuits in spatial attention control. Preliminary behavioral data support the feasibility of all three proposed aims. This development, for the first time, of rigorous paradigms for spatial attention in a genetically tractable mammalian model will establish a powerful new platform for future work unraveling neural mechanisms of attention control, as well as of neural information processing pathways that are disrupted in attentional dysfunction.

项目摘要 注意是动物选择和优先处理最重要或“最高”的非凡能力 优先级”，在复杂环境中指导行为的信息。这种动态能力对于一系列范围至关重要 认知功能和适应性行为及其功能障碍是在包括 多动症，自闭症和精神分裂症。然而，几乎一无所知 在任何瞬间都实现最高优先级刺激的选择。进度放缓的关键因素 几乎独有地使用素数来研究注意力：缺乏潜水员的遗传工具用于 在初级中的使用排除了细胞类型特异性贡献和中性的系统解剖 皮质和皮层下电路的计算，以服务注意力控制。另一个是严格的行为 目前，在任何其他（可遗传处理的）哺乳动物物种中，目前尚不存在研究注意力的范例。到 桥梁这个差距，我们提出了一种创新的替代方法：开发参数化的，具有灵长类动物的行为 在鼠标中引起视觉关注的范例，以使遗传技术的全部力量由 可以将小鼠模型带到携带，以剖析注意力控制的神经回路。在这里，我们会的 在自由行为的小鼠中开发基于触摸屏的任务，以研究注意力。具体来说，在AIM 1中，我们将 开发三个参数化任务，用于研究空间注意的外源性（自下而上）控制，即 Posner Inclimination任务，侧翼任务和Posner Cup的选择任务。在AIM 2中，我们将开发两个 用于研究空间注意的内源性（自上而下）控制的参数化任务，即空间期望 任务和自上而下的空间选择任务。此外，在AIM 3中，我们将使用头部和眼线笔 开发一个闭环刺激呈现系统，该系统可实时调整刺激位置 凝视自由行为的鼠标的方向。这将允许对刺激的视网膜持续呈现 上述任务中的试验，对功能签名的未来实验以及因果角色的要求 空间注意力控制中的神经回路。初步行为数据支持这三个的可行性 拟议的目标。这种发展是第一次严格的范式，以使空间关注在一般 可处理的哺乳动物模型将建立一个强大的新平台，以揭开神经机制的未来工作 注意力控制以及受到注意的神经元信息处理途径 功能障碍。