CONTAGION PSYCHOLOGY, NEEDLE SHARING AND AIDS AVERSION

传染心理学、共用针头和厌恶艾滋病

• 批准号: 2013912
• 负责人: PAUL ROZIN
• 金额: $ 11.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-02-01 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2013912
• 关键词: AIDS; adult human (21+); anxiety; attitude; avoidance behavior; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; communicable disease transmission; disease /disorder proneness /risk; fear; health behavior; homicide; human subject; interpersonal relations; interview; needle sharing; psychology; questionnaires; tuberculosis

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) In general, adult human beings show an aversion to contact or commerce with an entity which has been in contact with an undesirable or unknown person. This phenomenon is called negative interpersonal contagion. These negative feelings motivate avoidance of entities that have previously contacted diseased persons or morally compromised persons. We have published evidence indicating that negative interpersonal contagion accounts for part of the general tendency to avoid indirect contact with people with AIDS. A muting of negative interpersonal contagion seems to be operative when drug abusers share needles. This study involves the explication of the nature of the negativity that is "transmitted" by contact. Through questionnaires, interviews and controlled manipulations in a laboratory setting, we will distinguish and evaluate three models that account for interpersonal contagion: 1. passage of a material essence, 2. passage of a spiritual essence, and 3. pure association. We believe that most people operate with more than one model, the salient model in any situation being determined by the nature of the source of negativity (e.g., a person with an illness versus a person with a moral taint) and by individual differences. The study will also examine why interpersonal contagion varies depending on the individual and situation. Accounts explored will include the model of contagion that is operative, general sensitivity to contagion and disgust, and the way people frame their experiences (the extent to which they think about or attend to moral/health risk issues in daily experience). Attempts to increase contagion sensitivity (e.g., in needle sharing by drug abusers) or to decrease it (e.g., in over-response to casual contact with AIDS) should be informed by a better understanding of the psychological representation of the nature of the contagious entity.

描述：（申请人摘要） 一般来说，成年人表现出厌恶与人接触或进行商业往来 与不受欢迎的或未知的人有过接触的实体。 这种现象被称为负面人际传染。 这些负面的 情绪会促使人们回避之前接触过的实体 患病者或道德败坏者。 我们已经公布了证据 表明负面的人际传染是造成这种影响的部分原因 一般倾向于避免与艾滋病患者间接接触。 静音 当吸毒者吸毒时，消极的人际传染似乎会起作用 共用针头。 这项研究涉及对本质的解释 通过接触“传播”的消极情绪。 通过问卷调查， 在实验室环境中进行访谈和受控操作，我们将 区分和评估解释人际关系的三种模型 传染：1.物质本质的传递，2.精神本质的传递 本质，3.纯粹联想。 我们相信大多数人都以 多个模型，任何情况下的显着模型由下式确定 消极情绪来源的性质（例如，一个人生病了 与有道德污点的人相比）以及个体差异。 这 研究还将探讨为什么人际传染会因环境而异 个人和情况。 探索的账户将包括以下模型： 有效的传染，对传染的普遍敏感性和厌恶， 以及人们构建他们的经历的方式（他们认为的程度） 有关或关注日常经验中的道德/健康风险问题）。 尝试 增加传染敏感性（例如，吸毒者共用针头） 或减少它（例如，对与艾滋病的偶然接触过度反应） 应该通过更好地了解心理 传染性实体本质的表征。